You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
 
 

9 lines
117 KiB

<!doctypehtml><html lang=zh-CN><meta charset=UTF-8><meta content=width=device-width name=viewport><meta content=#222 name=theme-color><meta content="Hexo 7.1.0" name=generator><link href=https://fonts.googleapis.com rel=preconnect><link href=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com rel=preconnect><link href=/images/apple-touch-icon-next.png rel=apple-touch-icon sizes=180x180><link href=/images/favicon-32x32-next.png rel=icon sizes=32x32 type=image/png><link href=/images/favicon-16x16-next.png rel=icon sizes=16x16 type=image/png><link color=#222 href=/images/logo.svg rel=mask-icon><meta content=2X6S9P7CAjXjVvw8YyQR8pCu-B0oEu7O9quLgxXuWyA name=google-site-verification><meta content=dV8JGNzi0c name=baidu-site-verification><script>setTimeout(function(){var d=document.createElement("script");d.setAttribute("data-ad-client","ca-pub-7480618470784058"),d.async=!0,d.src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js",document.body.appendChild(d)},5e3),window.addEventListener?window.addEventListener("load",downloadJsAtOnload,!1):window.attachEvent?window.attachEvent("onload",downloadJsAtOnload):window.onload=downloadJsAtOnload</script><style>:root{--body-bg-color:#f5f7f9;--content-bg-color:#fff;--card-bg-color:#f5f5f5;--text-color:#555;--blockquote-color:#666;--link-color:#555;--link-hover-color:#222;--brand-color:#fff;--brand-hover-color:#fff;--table-row-odd-bg-color:#f9f9f9;--table-row-hover-bg-color:#f5f5f5;--menu-item-bg-color:#f5f5f5;--theme-color:#222;--btn-default-bg:#fff;--btn-default-color:#555;--btn-default-border-color:#555;--btn-default-hover-bg:#222;--btn-default-hover-color:#fff;--btn-default-hover-border-color:#222;--highlight-background:#f3f3f3;--highlight-foreground:#444;--highlight-gutter-background:#e1e1e1;--highlight-gutter-foreground:#555;color-scheme:light}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}details,main{display:block}pre{font-size:1em;overflow:auto;padding:10px}abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline dotted}b,strong{font-weight:bolder}code,kbd,samp{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:1em}small{font-size:80%}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sub{bottom:-.25em}sup{top:-.5em}img{border-style:none}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0}button,input{overflow:visible}button,select{text-transform:none}[type=button],[type=reset],[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button}[type=button]::-moz-focus-inner,[type=reset]::-moz-focus-inner,[type=submit]::-moz-focus-inner,button::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;padding:0}[type=button]:-moz-focusring,[type=reset]:-moz-focusring,[type=submit]:-moz-focusring,button:-moz-focusring{outline:ButtonText dotted 1px}fieldset{padding:.35em .75em .625em}legend{box-sizing:border-box;color:inherit;display:table;max-width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal}progress{vertical-align:baseline}.table-container,textarea{overflow:auto}[type=checkbox],[type=radio]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,[type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}[type=search]{outline-offset:-2px;-webkit-appearance:textfield}[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-file-upload-button{font:inherit;-webkit-appearance:button}summary{display:list-item}[hidden],template{display:none}::selection{background:#262a30;color:#eee}body,html{height:100%}body{margin:0;background:var(--body-bg-color);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--text-color);font-family:Lato,'PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif;font-size:1.2em;line-height:2;min-height:100%;position:relative;transition:padding .2s ease-in-out}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-family:Lato,'PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5;margin:30px 0 15px}h1{font-size:1.5em}h2{font-size:1.375em}h3{font-size:1.25em}h4{font-size:1.125em}h5{font-size:1em}h6{font-size:.875em}p{margin:0 0 20px}a{background:0 0;border-bottom:1px solid #999;color:var(--link-color);cursor:pointer;outline:0;text-decoration:none;overflow-wrap:break-word}a:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--link-hover-color);color:var(--link-hover-color)}embed,iframe,img,video{display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:100%}hr{box-sizing:content-box;overflow:visible;background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg,#ddd,#ddd 4px,transparent 4px,transparent 8px);border:0;height:3px;margin:40px 0}blockquote{border-left:4px solid #ddd;color:var(--blockquote-color);margin:0;padding:0 15px}blockquote cite::before{content:'-';padding:0 5px}dt{font-weight:700}dd{margin:0;padding:0}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;font-size:.875em;margin:0 0 20px;width:100%}tbody tr:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--table-row-odd-bg-color)}tbody tr:hover{background:var(--table-row-hover-bg-color)}caption,td,th{padding:8px}td,th{border:1px solid #ddd;border-bottom:3px solid #ddd}th{font-weight:700;padding-bottom:10px}td{border-bottom-width:1px}.btn{background:var(--btn-default-bg);border:2px solid var(--btn-default-border-color);border-radius:2px;color:var(--btn-default-color);display:inline-block;font-size:.875em;line-height:2;padding:0 20px;transition:background-color .2s ease-in-out}.btn:hover{background:var(--btn-default-hover-bg);border-color:var(--btn-default-hover-border-color);color:var(--btn-default-hover-color)}.btn+.btn{margin:0 0 8px 8px}.btn .fa-fw{text-align:left;width:1.285714285714286em}.toggle{line-height:0}.toggle .toggle-line{background:#fff;display:block;height:2px;left:0;position:relative;top:0;transition:.4s;width:100%}.toggle .toggle-line:first-child{margin-top:1px}.toggle .toggle-line:not(:first-child){margin-top:4px}.toggle.toggle-arrow :first-child{left:50%;top:2px;transform:rotate(45deg);width:50%}.toggle.toggle-arrow :last-child{left:50%;top:-2px;transform:rotate(-45deg);width:50%}.toggle.toggle-close :nth-child(2){opacity:0}.toggle.toggle-close :first-child{top:6px;transform:rotate(45deg)}.toggle.toggle-close :last-child{top:-6px;transform:rotate(-45deg)}/*!
Theme: Default
Description: Original highlight.js style
Author: (c) Ivan Sagalaev <maniac@softwaremaniacs.org>
Maintainer: @highlightjs/core-team
Website: https://highlightjs.org/
License: see project LICENSE
Touched: 2021
*/pre code.hljs{display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:1em}code.hljs{padding:3px 5px}.hljs{background:#f3f3f3;color:#444}.hljs-comment{color:#697070}.hljs-punctuation,.hljs-tag{color:#444a}.hljs-tag .hljs-attr,.hljs-tag .hljs-name{color:#444}.hljs-attribute,.hljs-doctag,.hljs-keyword,.hljs-meta .hljs-keyword,.hljs-name,.hljs-selector-tag{font-weight:700}.hljs-deletion,.hljs-number,.hljs-quote,.hljs-selector-class,.hljs-selector-id,.hljs-string,.hljs-template-tag,.hljs-type{color:#800}.hljs-section,.hljs-title{color:#800;font-weight:700}.hljs-link,.hljs-operator,.hljs-regexp,.hljs-selector-attr,.hljs-selector-pseudo,.hljs-symbol,.hljs-template-variable,.hljs-variable{color:#ab5656}.hljs-literal{color:#695}.hljs-addition,.hljs-built_in,.hljs-bullet,.hljs-code{color:#397300}.hljs-meta{color:#1f7199}.hljs-meta .hljs-string{color:#38a}.hljs-emphasis{font-style:italic}.hljs-strong{font-weight:700}code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{color:#000;background:0 0;text-shadow:0 1px #fff;font-family:Consolas,Monaco,'Andale Mono','Ubuntu Mono',monospace;font-size:1em;text-align:left;white-space:pre;word-spacing:normal;word-break:normal;word-wrap:normal;line-height:1.5;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-hyphens:none;-moz-hyphens:none;-ms-hyphens:none;hyphens:none}code[class*=language-] ::-moz-selection,code[class*=language-]::-moz-selection,pre[class*=language-] ::-moz-selection,pre[class*=language-]::-moz-selection{text-shadow:none;background:#b3d4fc}code[class*=language-] ::selection,code[class*=language-]::selection,pre[class*=language-] ::selection,pre[class*=language-]::selection{text-shadow:none;background:#b3d4fc}@media print{code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{text-shadow:none}}pre[class*=language-]{padding:1em;margin:.5em 0;overflow:auto}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{background:#f5f2f0}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-]{padding:.1em;border-radius:.3em;white-space:normal}.token.cdata,.token.comment,.token.doctype,.token.prolog{color:#708090}.token.punctuation{color:#999}.token.namespace{opacity:.7}.token.boolean,.token.constant,.token.deleted,.token.number,.token.property,.token.symbol,.token.tag{color:#905}.token.attr-name,.token.builtin,.token.char,.token.inserted,.token.selector,.token.string{color:#690}.language-css .token.string,.style .token.string,.token.entity,.token.operator,.token.url{color:#9a6e3a;background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.5)}.token.atrule,.token.attr-value,.token.keyword{color:#07a}.token.class-name,.token.function{color:#dd4a68}.token.important,.token.regex,.token.variable{color:#e90}.token.bold,.token.important{font-weight:700}.token.italic{font-style:italic}.token.entity{cursor:help}pre[class*=language-].line-numbers{position:relative;padding-left:3.8em;counter-reset:linenumber}pre[class*=language-].line-numbers>code{position:relative;white-space:inherit}.line-numbers .line-numbers-rows{position:absolute;pointer-events:none;top:0;font-size:100%;left:-3.8em;width:3em;letter-spacing:-1px;border-right:1px solid #999;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.line-numbers-rows>span{display:block;counter-increment:linenumber}.line-numbers-rows>span:before{content:counter(linenumber);color:#999;display:block;padding-right:.8em;text-align:right}.code-container:hover .copy-btn,.highlight:hover .copy-btn{opacity:1}.code-container{position:relative}.copy-btn{color:#333;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.6;opacity:0;padding:2px 6px;position:absolute;transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out;background-color:#eee;background-image:linear-gradient(#fcfcfc,#eee);border:1px solid #d5d5d5;border-radius:3px;font-size:.8125em;right:4px;top:8px}code,figure.highlight,kbd,pre{background:var(--highlight-background);color:var(--highlight-foreground)}figure.highlight,pre{line-height:1.6;margin:0 auto 20px}figure.highlight figcaption,pre .caption,pre figcaption{background:var(--highlight-gutter-background);color:var(--highlight-foreground);display:flow-root;font-size:.875em;line-height:1.2;padding:.5em}figure.highlight figcaption a,pre .caption a,pre figcaption a{color:var(--highlight-foreground);float:right}figure.highlight figcaption a:hover,pre .caption a:hover,pre figcaption a:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--highlight-foreground)}code,pre{font-family:consolas,Menlo,monospace,'PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei'}code{border-radius:3px;font-size:.875em;padding:2px 4px;overflow-wrap:break-word}kbd{border:2px solid #ccc;border-radius:.2em;box-shadow:.1em .1em .2em rgba(0,0,0,.1);font-family:inherit;padding:.1em .3em;white-space:nowrap}figure.highlight{overflow:auto;position:relative}figure.highlight pre{border:0;margin:0;padding:10px 0}figure.highlight table{border:0;margin:0;width:auto}figure.highlight td{border:0;padding:0}figure.highlight .gutter{-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}figure.highlight .gutter pre{background:var(--highlight-gutter-background);color:var(--highlight-gutter-foreground);padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;text-align:right}figure.highlight .code pre{padding-left:10px;width:100%}figure.highlight .marked{background:rgba(0,0,0,.3)}pre .caption,pre figcaption{margin-bottom:10px}.gist table{width:auto}.gist table td{border:0}pre code{background:0 0;padding:0;text-shadow:none}.blockquote-center{border-left:0;margin:40px 0;padding:0;position:relative;text-align:center}.blockquote-center::after,.blockquote-center::before{left:0;line-height:1;opacity:.6;position:absolute;width:100%}.blockquote-center::before{border-top:1px solid #ccc;text-align:left;top:-20px;content:'\f10d';font-family:'Font Awesome 6 Free';font-weight:900}.blockquote-center::after{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;bottom:-20px;text-align:right;content:'\f10e';font-family:'Font Awesome 6 Free';font-weight:900}.blockquote-center div,.blockquote-center p{text-align:center}.group-picture{margin-bottom:20px}.group-picture .group-picture-row{display:flex;gap:3px;margin-bottom:3px}.group-picture .group-picture-column{flex:1}.group-picture .group-picture-column img{height:100%;margin:0;object-fit:cover;width:100%}.post-body .label{color:#555;padding:0 2px}.post-body .label.default{background:#f0f0f0}.post-body .label.primary{background:#efe6f7}.post-body .label.info{background:#e5f2f8}.post-body .label.success{background:#e7f4e9}.post-body .label.warning{background:#fcf6e1}.post-body .label.danger{background:#fae8eb}.post-body .link-grid{display:grid;grid-gap:1.5rem;gap:1.5rem;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;margin-bottom:20px;padding:1rem}.post-body .link-grid .link-grid-container{border:solid #ddd;box-shadow:1rem 1rem .5rem rgba(0,0,0,.5);min-height:5rem;min-width:0;padding:.5rem;position:relative;transition:background .3s}.post-body .link-grid .link-grid-container:hover{animation:.5s next-shake;background:var(--card-bg-color)}.post-body .link-grid .link-grid-container:active{box-shadow:.5rem .5rem .25rem rgba(0,0,0,.5);transform:translate(.2rem,.2rem)}.post-body .link-grid .link-grid-container .link-grid-image{border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:50%;box-sizing:border-box;height:5rem;padding:3px;position:absolute;width:5rem}.post-body .link-grid .link-grid-container p{margin:0 1rem 0 6rem}.post-body .link-grid .link-grid-container p:first-of-type{font-size:1.2em}.post-body .link-grid .link-grid-container p:last-of-type{font-size:.8em;line-height:1.3rem;opacity:.7}.post-body .link-grid .link-grid-container a{border:0;height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}@keyframes next-shake{0%{transform:translate(1pt,1pt) rotate(0)}10%{transform:translate(-1pt,-2pt) rotate(-1deg)}20%{transform:translate(-3pt,0) rotate(1deg)}30%{transform:translate(3pt,2pt) rotate(0)}40%{transform:translate(1pt,-1pt) rotate(1deg)}50%{transform:translate(-1pt,2pt) rotate(-1deg)}60%{transform:translate(-3pt,1pt) rotate(0)}70%{transform:translate(3pt,1pt) rotate(-1deg)}80%{transform:translate(-1pt,-1pt) rotate(1deg)}90%{transform:translate(1pt,2pt) rotate(0)}100%{transform:translate(1pt,-2pt) rotate(-1deg)}}.post-body .note{border-radius:3px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:1em;position:relative;border:1px solid #eee;border-left-width:5px}.post-body .note summary{cursor:pointer;outline:0}.post-body .note summary p{display:inline}.post-body .note h2,.post-body .note h3,.post-body .note h4,.post-body .note h5,.post-body .note h6{border-bottom:initial;margin:0;padding-top:0}.post-body .note :first-child{margin-top:0}.post-body .note :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.post-body .note.default{border-left-color:#777}.post-body .note.default h2,.post-body .note.default h3,.post-body .note.default h4,.post-body .note.default h5,.post-body .note.default h6{color:#777}.post-body .note.primary{border-left-color:#6f42c1}.post-body .note.primary h2,.post-body .note.primary h3,.post-body .note.primary h4,.post-body .note.primary h5,.post-body .note.primary h6{color:#6f42c1}.post-body .note.info{border-left-color:#428bca}.post-body .note.info h2,.post-body .note.info h3,.post-body .note.info h4,.post-body .note.info h5,.post-body .note.info h6{color:#428bca}.post-body .note.success{border-left-color:#5cb85c}.post-body .note.success h2,.post-body .note.success h3,.post-body .note.success h4,.post-body .note.success h5,.post-body .note.success h6{color:#5cb85c}.post-body .note.warning{border-left-color:#f0ad4e}.post-body .note.warning h2,.post-body .note.warning h3,.post-body .note.warning h4,.post-body .note.warning h5,.post-body .note.warning h6{color:#f0ad4e}.post-body .note.danger{border-left-color:#d9534f}.post-body .note.danger h2,.post-body .note.danger h3,.post-body .note.danger h4,.post-body .note.danger h5,.post-body .note.danger h6{color:#d9534f}.post-body .tabs{margin-bottom:20px}.post-body .tabs,.tabs-comment{padding-top:10px}.post-body .tabs ul.nav-tabs,.tabs-comment ul.nav-tabs{background:var(--content-bg-color);display:flex;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;margin:0;padding:0;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:5}.post-body .tabs ul.nav-tabs li.tab,.tabs-comment ul.nav-tabs li.tab{border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-radius:0;border-top:3px solid transparent;flex-grow:1;list-style-type:none}@media (max-width:413px){.post-body .tabs ul.nav-tabs,.tabs-comment ul.nav-tabs{display:block;margin-bottom:5px}.post-body .tabs ul.nav-tabs li.tab,.tabs-comment ul.nav-tabs li.tab{border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:3px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-top:1px solid transparent;border-radius:0}}.post-body .tabs ul.nav-tabs li.tab a,.tabs-comment ul.nav-tabs li.tab a{border-bottom:initial;display:block;line-height:1.8;padding:.25em .75em;text-align:center;transition:.2s ease-out}.post-body .tabs ul.nav-tabs li.tab a i[class^=fa],.tabs-comment ul.nav-tabs li.tab a i[class^=fa]{width:1.285714285714286em}.post-body .tabs ul.nav-tabs li.tab.active,.tabs-comment ul.nav-tabs li.tab.active{border-color:#fc6423 #ddd transparent}@media (max-width:413px){.post-body .tabs ul.nav-tabs li.tab.active,.tabs-comment ul.nav-tabs li.tab.active{border-color:#ddd #ddd #ddd #fc6423}}.post-body .tabs ul.nav-tabs li.tab.active a,.tabs-comment ul.nav-tabs li.tab.active a{cursor:default}.post-body .tabs .tab-content,.tabs-comment .tab-content{border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:0;border-top-color:transparent}@media (max-width:413px){.post-body .tabs .tab-content,.tabs-comment .tab-content{border-radius:0;border-top-color:#ddd}}.post-body .tabs .tab-content .tab-pane,.tabs-comment .tab-content .tab-pane{padding:20px 20px 0}.post-body .tabs .tab-content .tab-pane:not(.active),.tabs-comment .tab-content .tab-pane:not(.active){display:none}.pagination .next,.pagination .page-number,.pagination .prev,.pagination .space{display:inline-block;margin:-1px 10px 0;padding:0 10px}.algolia-pagination .current .page-number,.pagination .page-number.current{background:#ccc;border-color:#ccc;color:var(--content-bg-color)}.pagination{border-top:1px solid #eee;margin:120px 0 0;text-align:center}.pagination .next,.pagination .page-number,.pagination .prev{border-bottom:0;border-top:1px solid #eee;transition:border-color .2s ease-in-out}.pagination .next:hover,.pagination .page-number:hover,.pagination .prev:hover{border-top-color:var(--link-hover-color)}@media (max-width:767px){.post-body .link-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.pagination .next,.pagination .page-number,.pagination .prev,.pagination .space{margin:0 5px}.pagination{border-top:0}.pagination .next,.pagination .page-number,.pagination .prev{border-bottom:1px solid #eee;border-top:0}.pagination .next:hover,.pagination .page-number:hover,.pagination .prev:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--link-hover-color)}.site-meta{text-align:center}}.pagination .space{margin:0;padding:0}.comments{margin-top:60px;overflow:hidden}.comment-button-group{display:flex;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;justify-content:center;margin:1em 0}.comment-button-group .comment-button{margin:.1em .2em}.comment-button-group .comment-button.active{background:var(--btn-default-hover-bg);border-color:var(--btn-default-hover-border-color);color:var(--btn-default-hover-color)}.comment-position{display:none}.comment-position.active{display:block}.tabs-comment{margin-top:4em;padding-top:0}.tabs-comment .comments{margin-top:0;padding-top:0}.headband{background:var(--theme-color);height:3px}@media (max-width:991px){.headband{display:none}}.site-brand-container{display:flex;flex-shrink:0;padding:0 10px}.use-motion .column,.use-motion .site-brand-container .toggle{opacity:0}.site-meta{flex-grow:1;text-align:center}.custom-logo-image{margin-top:20px}@media (max-width:991px){.custom-logo-image{display:none}}.brand{border-bottom:0;color:var(--brand-color);display:inline-block;padding:0}.brand:hover{color:var(--brand-hover-color)}.site-title{font-family:Lato,'PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif;font-size:1.375em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;margin:0}.site-subtitle{color:#ddd;font-size:.8125em;margin:10px 10px 0}.use-motion .custom-logo-image,.use-motion .site-subtitle,.use-motion .site-title{opacity:0;position:relative;top:-10px}.site-nav-right,.site-nav-toggle{display:none}.site-nav-right .toggle,.site-nav-toggle .toggle{color:var(--text-color);padding:10px;width:22px}.site-nav-right .toggle .toggle-line,.site-nav-toggle .toggle .toggle-line{background:var(--text-color);border-radius:1px}@media (max-width:767px){.site-nav-right,.site-nav-toggle{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center}.site-nav{--scroll-height:0;height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:height .2s ease-in-out,visibility .2s ease-in-out;visibility:hidden}body:not(.site-nav-on) .site-nav .animated{animation:none}body.site-nav-on .site-nav{height:var(--scroll-height);visibility:unset}}.menu{margin:0;padding:1em 0;text-align:center}.menu-item{display:inline-block;list-style:none;margin:0 10px}@media (max-width:767px){.menu-item{display:block;margin-top:10px}.menu-item.menu-item-search{display:none}}.menu-item a{border-bottom:0;display:block;font-size:.8125em;transition:border-color .2s ease-in-out}.menu-item a.menu-item-active,.menu-item a:hover{background:var(--menu-item-bg-color)}.menu-item i[class^=fa]{margin-right:8px}.menu-item .badge{display:inline-block;font-weight:700;line-height:1;margin-left:.35em;margin-top:.35em;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}.use-motion .menu-item{visibility:hidden}.github-corner :hover .octo-arm{animation:560ms ease-in-out octocat-wave}.github-corner svg{color:#fff;fill:var(--theme-color);position:absolute;right:0;top:0;z-index:5}@media (max-width:991px){.github-corner{display:none}.github-corner svg{color:var(--theme-color);fill:#fff}.github-corner .github-corner:hover .octo-arm{animation:none}.github-corner .github-corner .octo-arm{animation:560ms ease-in-out octocat-wave}}@keyframes octocat-wave{0%,100%{transform:rotate(0)}20%,60%{transform:rotate(-25deg)}40%,80%{transform:rotate(10deg)}}.sidebar-inner{color:#999;padding:18px 10px;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center}.cc-license .cc-opacity{border-bottom:0;opacity:.7}.cc-license .cc-opacity:hover{opacity:.9}.cc-license img{display:inline-block}.site-author-image{border:1px solid #eee;max-width:120px;padding:2px}.site-author-name{color:var(--text-color);font-weight:600;margin:0}.site-description{color:#999;font-size:.8125em;margin-top:0}.links-of-author a{font-size:.8125em}.links-of-author i[class^=fa]{margin-right:2px}.sidebar .sidebar-button:not(:first-child){margin-top:15px}.sidebar .sidebar-button button{background:0 0;cursor:pointer;line-height:2;padding:0 15px;border-radius:4px}.sidebar .sidebar-button button i[class^=fa]{margin-right:5px}.links-of-blogroll{font-size:.8125em}.links-of-blogroll-title{font-size:.875em;font-weight:600}.links-of-blogroll-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.sidebar-nav{font-size:.875em;height:0;margin:0;overflow:hidden;padding-left:0;pointer-events:none;transition:height .2s ease-in-out,visibility .2s ease-in-out;visibility:hidden}.sidebar-nav-active .sidebar-nav{height:calc(2em + 1px);pointer-events:unset;visibility:unset}.sidebar-nav li{border-bottom:1px solid transparent;color:var(--text-color);cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;transition:border-bottom-color .2s ease-in-out,color .2s ease-in-out}.sidebar-nav li.sidebar-nav-overview{margin-left:10px}.sidebar-nav li:hover{color:#fc6423}.sidebar-overview-active .sidebar-nav-overview,.sidebar-toc-active .sidebar-nav-toc{border-bottom-color:#fc6423;color:#fc6423;transition-delay:0.2s}.sidebar-overview-active .sidebar-nav-overview:hover,.sidebar-toc-active .sidebar-nav-toc:hover{color:#fc6423}.sidebar-panel-container{align-items:start;display:grid;flex:1;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;padding-top:0;transition:padding-top .2s ease-in-out}.sidebar-nav-active .sidebar-panel-container{padding-top:20px}.sidebar-panel{animation:.2s ease-in-out deactivate-sidebar-panel;grid-area:1/1;height:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;pointer-events:none;transform:translateY(0);transition:.2s ease-in-out;transition-property:opacity,transform,visibility;visibility:hidden}.sidebar-nav-active .sidebar-panel,.sidebar-overview-active .sidebar-panel.post-toc-wrap{transform:translateY(-20px)}.sidebar-overview-active:not(.sidebar-nav-active) .sidebar-panel.post-toc-wrap{transition-delay:0s,0.2s,0s}.sidebar-overview-active .sidebar-panel.site-overview-wrap,.sidebar-toc-active .sidebar-panel.post-toc-wrap{animation-name:activate-sidebar-panel;height:auto;opacity:1;pointer-events:unset;transform:translateY(0);transition-delay:0.2s,0.2s,0s;visibility:unset}.sidebar-panel.site-overview-wrap{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;gap:10px;justify-content:flex-start}@keyframes deactivate-sidebar-panel{from{height:var(--inactive-panel-height,0)}to{height:var(--active-panel-height,0)}}@keyframes activate-sidebar-panel{from{height:var(--inactive-panel-height,auto)}to{height:var(--active-panel-height,auto)}}.sidebar-toggle{bottom:61px;height:16px;padding:5px;width:16px;background:#222;cursor:pointer;opacity:.6;position:fixed;z-index:30;right:30px}.sidebar-toggle:hover{opacity:.8}@media (max-width:991px){.sidebar-toggle{right:20px;opacity:.8}}.sidebar-toggle:hover .toggle-line{background:#fc6423}@media (any-hover:hover){body:not(.sidebar-active) .sidebar-toggle:hover :first-child{left:50%;top:2px;transform:rotate(45deg);width:50%}body:not(.sidebar-active) .sidebar-toggle:hover :last-child{left:50%;top:-2px;transform:rotate(-45deg);width:50%}}.sidebar-active .sidebar-toggle :nth-child(2){opacity:0}.sidebar-active .sidebar-toggle :first-child{top:6px;transform:rotate(45deg)}.sidebar-active .sidebar-toggle :last-child{top:-6px;transform:rotate(-45deg)}.post-toc{font-size:.875em}.post-toc ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 2px 0 10px;text-align:left}.post-toc ol>:last-child{margin-bottom:5px}.post-toc ol>ol{padding-left:0}.post-toc ol a{transition:.2s ease-in-out}.post-toc .nav-item{line-height:1.8;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.post-toc .nav .nav-child{--height:0;height:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;transition:.2s ease-in-out;visibility:hidden}.post-toc .nav .active>.nav-child{height:var(--height,auto);opacity:1;visibility:unset}.post-toc .nav .active>a{border-bottom-color:#fc6423;color:#fc6423}.post-toc .nav .active-current>a,.post-toc .nav .active-current>a:hover{color:#fc6423}.site-state{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;line-height:1.4}.site-state-item a{border-bottom:0;display:block}.site-state-item-count{display:block;font-size:1em;font-weight:600}.site-state-item-name{color:#999;font-size:.8125em}.sidebar-post-related{font-size:.8125em;padding:18px 0 0}.popular-posts{margin:0;padding:1em 0;text-align:left}.popular-posts .popular-posts-item{display:block}.popular-posts .popular-posts-item .popular-posts-link{border-bottom:0;display:block;padding:5px 20px;transition:background .2s ease-in-out}.popular-posts .popular-posts-item .popular-posts-link:hover{background:var(--menu-item-bg-color)}.popular-posts .popular-posts-item .popular-posts-time{color:#999}.footer{color:#999;font-size:.875em;padding:20px 0;transition:left .2s ease-in-out,right .2s ease-in-out}.footer.footer-fixed{bottom:0;left:0;position:absolute;right:0}.footer-inner{box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;margin:0 auto;width:calc(100% - 20px)}@media (max-width:767px){.menu-item .badge{float:right;margin-left:0}.footer-inner{width:auto}}@media (min-width:1200px){.footer-inner{width:1160px}}@media (min-width:1600px){.footer-inner{width:73%}}.use-motion .footer{opacity:0}.languages{display:inline-block;font-size:1.125em;position:relative}.languages .lang-select-label span{margin:0 .5em}.languages .lang-select{height:100%;left:0;opacity:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}.with-love{color:red;display:inline-block;margin:0 5px}.beian img{display:inline-block;margin:0 3px;vertical-align:middle}.busuanzi-count #busuanzi_container_site_pv,.busuanzi-count #busuanzi_container_site_uv{display:none}@keyframes icon-animate{0%,100%{transform:scale(1)}10%,30%{transform:scale(.9)}20%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%{transform:scale(1.1)}}@media (max-width:567px){.main-inner{padding:initial!important}.posts-expand .post-header{margin-bottom:10px!important}.post-block{margin-top:initial!important;padding:8px 18px!important}.post-body h1,.post-body h2,.post-body h3,.post-body h4,.post-body h5,.post-body h6{margin:20px 0 8px}.post-body .note h1,.post-body .note h2,.post-body .note h3,.post-body .note h4,.post-body .note h5,.post-body .note h6,.post-body .tabs .tab-content .tab-pane h1,.post-body .tabs .tab-content .tab-pane h2,.post-body .tabs .tab-content .tab-pane h3,.post-body .tabs .tab-content .tab-pane h4,.post-body .tabs .tab-content .tab-pane h5,.post-body .tabs .tab-content .tab-pane h6{margin:0 5px}.post-body>p{margin:0 0 10px}.post-body .note>p,.post-body .tabs .tab-content .tab-pane>p{padding:0 5px}.post-body img,.post-body video{margin-bottom:10px!important}.post-body .fancybox+figcaption,.post-body img+figcaption{margin:-5px auto 15px!important}.post-body .note{margin-bottom:10px!important;padding:10px!important}.post-body .tabs .tab-content .tab-pane{padding:10px 10px 0!important}.post-eof{margin:40px auto 20px!important}.pagination{margin-top:40px}}.back-to-top{font-size:12px;align-items:center;bottom:-100px;color:#fff;display:flex;height:26px;transition:bottom .2s ease-in-out;background:#222;cursor:pointer;opacity:.6;position:fixed;z-index:30;right:30px}.back-to-top span{margin-right:8px;display:none}.back-to-top .fa{text-align:center;width:26px}.back-to-top:hover{opacity:.8;color:#fc6423}.back-to-top.back-to-top-on{bottom:30px}.rtl.post-body a,.rtl.post-body h1,.rtl.post-body h2,.rtl.post-body h3,.rtl.post-body h4,.rtl.post-body h5,.rtl.post-body h6,.rtl.post-body li,.rtl.post-body ol,.rtl.post-body p,.rtl.post-body ul{direction:rtl;font-family:UKIJ Ekran}.rtl.post-title{font-family:UKIJ Ekran}.post-button{margin-top:40px;text-align:center}.use-motion .collection-header,.use-motion .comments,.use-motion .pagination,.use-motion .post-block,.use-motion .post-body,.use-motion .post-header{visibility:hidden}.posts-collapse .post-content{margin-bottom:35px;margin-left:35px;position:relative}@media (max-width:767px){.posts-collapse .post-content{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}.posts-collapse .post-content .collection-title{font-size:1.125em;position:relative}.posts-collapse .post-content .collection-title::before{background:#999;border:1px solid #fff;margin-left:-6px;margin-top:-4px;position:absolute;top:50%;border-radius:50%;content:' ';height:10px;width:10px}.posts-collapse .post-content .collection-year{font-size:1.5em;font-weight:700;margin:60px 0;position:relative}.posts-collapse .post-content .collection-year::before{background:#bbb;margin-left:-4px;margin-top:-4px;position:absolute;top:50%;border-radius:50%;content:' ';height:8px;width:8px}.posts-collapse .post-content .collection-header{display:block;margin-left:20px}.posts-collapse .post-content .collection-header small{color:#bbb;margin-left:5px}.posts-collapse .post-content .post-header{border-bottom:1px dashed #ccc;margin:30px 2px 0;padding-left:15px;position:relative;transition:border .2s ease-in-out}.posts-collapse .post-content .post-header::before{background:#bbb;border:1px solid #fff;left:-6px;position:absolute;top:.75em;transition:background .2s ease-in-out;border-radius:50%;content:' ';height:6px;width:6px}.posts-collapse .post-content .post-header:hover{border-bottom-color:#666}.posts-collapse .post-content .post-header:hover::before{background:#222}.posts-collapse .post-content .post-meta-container{display:inline;font-size:.75em;margin-right:10px}.posts-collapse .post-content .post-title{display:inline}.posts-collapse .post-content .post-title a{border-bottom:0;color:var(--link-color)}.posts-collapse .post-content::before{background:#f5f5f5;content:' ';height:100%;margin-left:-2px;position:absolute;top:1.25em;width:4px}.post-body{font-family:Lato,'PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif;overflow-wrap:break-word}@media (min-width:1200px){.post-body{font-size:1.125em}}@media (min-width:992px){.post-body{text-align:justify}}.post-body h1 .header-anchor,.post-body h1 .headerlink,.post-body h2 .header-anchor,.post-body h2 .headerlink,.post-body h3 .header-anchor,.post-body h3 .headerlink,.post-body h4 .header-anchor,.post-body h4 .headerlink,.post-body h5 .header-anchor,.post-body h5 .headerlink,.post-body h6 .header-anchor,.post-body h6 .headerlink{border-bottom-style:none;color:inherit;float:right;font-size:.875em;margin-left:10px;opacity:0}.post-body h1 .header-anchor::before,.post-body h1 .headerlink::before,.post-body h2 .header-anchor::before,.post-body h2 .headerlink::before,.post-body h3 .header-anchor::before,.post-body h3 .headerlink::before,.post-body h4 .header-anchor::before,.post-body h4 .headerlink::before,.post-body h5 .header-anchor::before,.post-body h5 .headerlink::before,.post-body h6 .header-anchor::before,.post-body h6 .headerlink::before{content:'\f0c1';font-family:'Font Awesome 6 Free';font-weight:900}.post-body h1:hover .header-anchor,.post-body h1:hover .headerlink,.post-body h2:hover .header-anchor,.post-body h2:hover .headerlink,.post-body h3:hover .header-anchor,.post-body h3:hover .headerlink,.post-body h4:hover .header-anchor,.post-body h4:hover .headerlink,.post-body h5:hover .header-anchor,.post-body h5:hover .headerlink,.post-body h6:hover .header-anchor,.post-body h6:hover .headerlink{opacity:.5}.post-body h1:hover .header-anchor:hover,.post-body h1:hover .headerlink:hover,.post-body h2:hover .header-anchor:hover,.post-body h2:hover .headerlink:hover,.post-body h3:hover .header-anchor:hover,.post-body h3:hover .headerlink:hover,.post-body h4:hover .header-anchor:hover,.post-body h4:hover .headerlink:hover,.post-body h5:hover .header-anchor:hover,.post-body h5:hover .headerlink:hover,.post-body h6:hover .header-anchor:hover,.post-body h6:hover .headerlink:hover{opacity:1}.post-body .exturl .fa{font-size:.875em;margin-left:4px}.post-body .fancybox+figcaption,.post-body img+figcaption{color:#999;font-size:.875em;font-weight:700;line-height:1;margin:-15px auto 15px;text-align:center}.post-body embed,.post-body iframe,.post-body img,.post-body video{margin-bottom:20px}.post-body .video-container{height:0;margin-bottom:20px;overflow:hidden;padding-top:75%;position:relative;width:100%}.post-body .video-container embed,.post-body .video-container iframe,.post-body .video-container object{height:100%;left:0;margin:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}.post-gallery{display:flex;min-height:200px}.post-gallery .post-gallery-image{flex:1}.post-gallery .post-gallery-image:not(:first-child){clip-path:polygon(40px 0,100% 0,100% 100%,0 100%);margin-left:-20px}.post-gallery .post-gallery-image:not(:last-child){margin-right:-20px}.post-gallery .post-gallery-image img{height:100%;object-fit:cover;opacity:1;width:100%}.posts-expand .post-gallery{margin-bottom:60px}.posts-collapse .post-gallery{margin:15px 0}.posts-expand .post-header{font-size:1.125em;margin-bottom:60px;text-align:center}.posts-expand .post-title{font-size:1.5em;font-weight:400;margin:initial;overflow-wrap:break-word}.posts-expand .post-title-link{border-bottom:0;color:var(--link-color);display:inline-block;position:relative}.posts-expand .post-title-link::before{background:var(--link-color);bottom:0;content:'';height:2px;left:0;position:absolute;transform:scaleX(0);transition:transform .2s ease-in-out;width:100%}.posts-expand .post-title-link:hover::before{transform:scaleX(1)}.posts-expand .post-title-link .fa{font-size:.875em;margin-left:5px}.post-sticky-flag{display:inline-block;margin-right:8px;transform:rotate(30deg)}.posts-expand .post-meta-container{color:#999;font-family:Lato,'PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif;font-size:.75em;margin-top:3px}.posts-expand .post-meta-container .post-description{font-size:.875em;margin-top:2px}.posts-expand .post-meta-container time{border-bottom:1px dashed #999}.post-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}:not(.post-meta-break)+.post-meta-item::before{content:'|';margin:0 .5em}.post-meta-item-icon{margin-right:3px}@media (max-width:991px){.back-to-top{right:20px;opacity:.8}.post-body{text-align:justify}.post-meta-item-text{display:none}}.post-meta-break{flex-basis:100%;height:0}#busuanzi_container_page_pv{display:none}.post-nav{border-top:1px solid #eee;display:flex;gap:30px;justify-content:space-between;margin-top:1em;padding:10px 5px 0}.post-nav-item{flex:1}.post-nav-item a{border-bottom:0;display:block;font-size:.875em;line-height:1.6}.post-nav-item a:active{top:2px}.post-nav-item .fa{font-size:.75em}.post-nav-item:first-child .fa{margin-right:5px}.post-nav-item:last-child{text-align:right}.post-nav-item:last-child .fa{margin-left:5px}.post-footer{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center}.post-eof{background:#ccc;height:1px;margin:80px auto 60px;width:8%}.post-block:last-of-type .post-eof{display:none}.post-copyright ul{list-style:none;overflow:hidden;padding:.5em 1em;position:relative;background:var(--card-bg-color);border-left:3px solid #ff2a2a;margin:1em 0 0}.post-copyright ul::after{content:'\f25e';font-family:'Font Awesome 6 Brands';font-size:200px;opacity:.1;position:absolute;right:-50px;top:-150px}.post-tags{margin-top:40px;text-align:center}.post-tags a{display:inline-block;font-size:.8125em}.post-tags a:not(:last-child){margin-right:10px}.social-like{border-top:1px solid #eee;font-size:.875em;margin-top:1em;padding-top:1em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.social-like a{border-bottom:none}.reward-container{margin:1em 0 0;padding:1em 0;text-align:center}.reward-container button{background:0 0;color:#fc6423;cursor:pointer;line-height:2;padding:0 15px;border:2px solid #fc6423;border-radius:2px;outline:0;transition:.2s ease-in-out;vertical-align:text-top}.reward-container button:hover{background:#fc6423;color:#fff}.post-reward{display:none;padding-top:20px}.post-reward.active{display:block}.post-reward div{display:inline-block}.post-reward div span{display:block}.post-reward img{display:inline-block;margin:.8em 2em 0;max-width:100%;width:180px}@keyframes next-roll{from{transform:rotateZ(30deg)}to{transform:rotateZ(-30deg)}}.category-all-page .category-all-title{text-align:center}.category-all-page .category-all{margin-top:20px}.category-all-page .category-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.category-all-page .category-list-item{margin:5px 10px}.category-all-page .category-list-count{color:#bbb}.category-all-page .category-list-count::before{content:' ('}.category-all-page .category-list-count::after{content:') '}.category-all-page .category-list-child{padding-left:10px}.event-list hr{background:#222;margin:20px 0 45px}.event-list hr::after{background:#222;color:#fff;content:'NOW';display:inline-block;font-weight:700;padding:0 5px}.event-list .event{--event-background:#222;--event-foreground:#bbb;--event-title:#fff;background:var(--event-background);padding:15px}.event-list .event .event-summary{border-bottom:0;color:var(--event-title);margin:0;padding:0 0 0 35px;position:relative}.event-list .event .event-summary::before{animation:1s ease-in-out infinite alternate dot-flash;background:var(--event-title);left:0;margin-top:-6px;position:absolute;top:50%;border-radius:50%;content:' ';height:12px;width:12px}.event-list .event:nth-of-type(odd) .event-summary::before{animation-delay:.5s}.event-list .event:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:20px}.event-list .event .event-relative-time{color:var(--event-foreground);display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-weight:400;padding-left:12px}.event-list .event .event-details{color:var(--event-foreground);display:block;line-height:18px;padding:6px 0 6px 35px}.event-list .event .event-details::before{color:var(--event-foreground);display:inline-block;margin-right:9px;width:14px;font-family:'Font Awesome 6 Free';font-weight:900}.event-list .event .event-details.event-location::before{content:'\f041'}.event-list .event .event-details.event-duration::before{content:'\f017'}.event-list .event .event-details.event-description::before{content:'\f024'}.event-list .event-past{--event-background:#f5f5f5;--event-foreground:#999;--event-title:#222}@keyframes dot-flash{from{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}to{opacity:0;transform:scale(.8)}}ul.breadcrumb{font-size:.75em;list-style:none;margin:1em 0;padding:0 2em;text-align:center}ul.breadcrumb li{display:inline}ul.breadcrumb li:not(:first-child)::before{content:'/\00a0';font-weight:400;padding:.5em}ul.breadcrumb li:last-child{font-weight:700}.tag-cloud{text-align:center}.tag-cloud a{display:inline-block;margin:10px}.tag-cloud-0{border-bottom-color:#aaa;color:#aaa}.tag-cloud-1{border-bottom-color:#9a9a9a;color:#9a9a9a}.tag-cloud-2{border-bottom-color:#8b8b8b;color:#8b8b8b}.tag-cloud-3{border-bottom-color:#7c7c7c;color:#7c7c7c}.tag-cloud-4{border-bottom-color:#6c6c6c;color:#6c6c6c}.tag-cloud-5{border-bottom-color:#5d5d5d;color:#5d5d5d}.tag-cloud-6{border-bottom-color:#4e4e4e;color:#4e4e4e}.tag-cloud-7{border-bottom-color:#3e3e3e;color:#3e3e3e}.tag-cloud-8{border-bottom-color:#2f2f2f;color:#2f2f2f}.tag-cloud-9{border-bottom-color:#202020;color:#202020}.tag-cloud-10{border-bottom-color:#111;color:#111}.search-active{overflow:hidden}.search-pop-overlay{background:rgba(0,0,0,0);display:flex;height:100%;left:0;position:fixed;top:0;transition:visibility .4s,background .4s;visibility:hidden;width:100%;z-index:40}.search-active .search-pop-overlay{background:rgba(0,0,0,.3);visibility:visible}.search-popup{background:var(--card-bg-color);border-radius:5px;height:80%;margin:auto;transform:scale(0);transition:transform .4s;width:700px}.search-active .search-popup{transform:scale(1)}@media (max-width:767px){.search-popup{border-radius:0;height:100%;width:100%}}.search-popup .popup-btn-close,.search-popup .search-icon{color:#999;font-size:18px;padding:0 10px}.search-popup .popup-btn-close{cursor:pointer}.search-popup .popup-btn-close:hover .fa{color:#222}.search-popup .search-header{background:#eee;border-top-left-radius:5px;border-top-right-radius:5px;display:flex;padding:5px}.search-popup input.search-input{background:0 0;border:0;outline:0;width:100%}.search-popup input.search-input::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none}.search-popup .search-result-container{height:calc(100% - 55px);overflow:auto;padding:5px 25px}.search-popup .search-result-container hr{margin:5px 0 10px}.search-popup .search-result-container hr:first-child{display:none}.search-popup .search-result-list{margin:0 5px;padding:0}.search-popup a.search-result-title{font-weight:700}.search-popup p.search-result{border-bottom:1px dashed #ccc;padding:5px 0}.search-input-container{flex-grow:1}.search-input-container form{padding:2px}.search-stats{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.search-stats img{height:1em;margin:0}.algolia-pagination{margin:40px 0;opacity:1;padding:0}.algolia-pagination .pagination-item{display:inline-block}.algolia-pagination .current .page-number{cursor:default}.algolia-pagination .disabled-item{visibility:hidden}.use-motion .animated{animation-fill-mode:none;visibility:inherit}.use-motion .sidebar .animated{animation-fill-mode:both}header.header{background:var(--content-bg-color);border-radius:initial;box-shadow:initial}.main{align-items:stretch;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 auto;width:calc(100% - 20px)}@media (max-width:767px){.main{width:auto}}@media (min-width:1200px){.main{width:1160px}}@media (min-width:1600px){.main{width:73%}}@media (max-width:991px){header.header{border-radius:initial}.main{display:block;width:auto}}.main-inner{border-radius:initial;box-sizing:border-box;width:calc(100% - 252px)}.footer-inner{padding-left:252px}@media (max-width:991px){.main-inner{border-radius:initial;width:100%}.footer-inner{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:auto}}.column{width:240px}.site-brand-container{background:var(--theme-color)}.site-meta{padding:20px 0}.site-nav-right .toggle,.site-nav-toggle .toggle{color:#fff}.site-nav-right .toggle .toggle-line,.site-nav-toggle .toggle .toggle-line{background:#fff}@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:991px){.site-nav-right,.site-nav-toggle{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center}.site-nav{--scroll-height:0;height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:height .2s ease-in-out,visibility .2s ease-in-out;visibility:hidden}body:not(.site-nav-on) .site-nav .animated{animation:none}body.site-nav-on .site-nav{height:var(--scroll-height);visibility:unset}}.menu .menu-item{display:block;margin:0}.menu .menu-item a{padding:5px 20px;position:relative;text-align:left;transition-property:background-color}.menu .menu-item .badge{background:#ccc;border-radius:10px;color:var(--content-bg-color);float:right;padding:2px 5px;text-shadow:1px 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.main-menu .menu-item-active::after{background:#bbb;border-radius:50%;content:' ';height:6px;margin-top:-3px;position:absolute;right:15px;top:50%;width:6px}.sub-menu{margin:0;padding:6px 0}.sub-menu .menu-item{display:inline-block}.sub-menu .menu-item a{background:0 0;margin:5px 10px;padding:initial}.sub-menu .menu-item a:hover{background:0 0;color:#fc6423}.sub-menu .menu-item-active{border-bottom-color:#fc6423;color:#fc6423}.sub-menu .menu-item-active:hover{border-bottom-color:#fc6423}.sidebar{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:12px}@media (max-width:991px){.column{width:auto}.site-nav-on .site-brand-container{box-shadow:0 0 16px rgba(0,0,0,.5)}.menu .menu-item.menu-item-search,.sidebar{display:none}}.sidebar-inner{background:var(--content-bg-color);border-radius:initial;box-shadow:initial;box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--text-color);margin-top:12px;max-height:calc(100vh - 24px);visibility:hidden}.site-state-item{padding:0 10px}.sidebar .sidebar-button{border-bottom:1px dotted #ccc;border-top:1px dotted #ccc}.sidebar .sidebar-button button{border:0;color:#fc6423;display:block;width:100%}.sidebar .sidebar-button button:hover{background:0 0;border:0;color:#e34603}.links-of-author{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.links-of-author-item{margin:5px 0 0;width:50%}.links-of-author-item a{box-sizing:border-box;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;padding:0 5px;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0;border-radius:4px;display:block}.links-of-author-item a:hover{background:var(--body-bg-color)}.main-inner{background:var(--content-bg-color);box-shadow:initial;padding:40px}@media (max-width:991px){.main-inner{padding:20px}}.sub-menu{border-bottom:1px solid #ddd}.post-block:first-of-type{padding-top:40px}@media (max-width:767px){.pagination{margin-bottom:10px}}</style><link as=style href=https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,300italic,400,400italic,700,700italic&display=swap&subset=latin,latin-ext onload=this.rel='stylesheet' rel=preload><link crossorigin=anonymous href=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.5.0/css/all.min.css integrity=sha256-yIDrPSXHZdOZhAqiBP7CKzIwMQmRCJ8UeB8Jo17YC4o= rel=stylesheet><link crossorigin=anonymous href=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animate.css/3.1.1/animate.min.css integrity=sha256-PR7ttpcvz8qrF57fur/yAx1qXMFJeJFiA6pSzWi0OIE= rel=stylesheet><link crossorigin=anonymous href=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fancyapps-ui/5.0.28/fancybox/fancybox.css integrity=sha256-6cQIC71/iBIYXFK+0RHAvwmjwWzkWd+r7v/BX3/vZDc= rel=stylesheet><script class=next-config data-name=main type=application/json>{"hostname":"nicksxs.me","root":"/","images":"/images","scheme":"Pisces","darkmode":false,"version":"8.19.1","exturl":false,"sidebar":{"position":"left","display":"post","padding":18,"offset":12},"copycode":{"enable":true,"style":"default"},"fold":{"enable":false,"height":500},"bookmark":{"enable":false,"color":"#222","save":"auto"},"mediumzoom":false,"lazyload":true,"pangu":false,"comments":{"style":"tabs","active":null,"storage":true,"lazyload":false,"nav":null},"stickytabs":false,"motion":{"enable":true,"async":false,"transition":{"menu_item":"fadeInDown","post_block":"fadeIn","post_header":"fadeInDown","post_body":"fadeInDown","coll_header":"fadeInLeft","sidebar":"fadeInUp"}},"prism":false,"i18n":{"placeholder":"搜索...","empty":"没有找到任何搜索结果:${query}","hits_time":"找到 ${hits} 个搜索结果(用时 ${time} 毫秒)","hits":"找到 ${hits} 个搜索结果"},"algolia":{"appID":"663Q99OQQD","apiKey":"e461a1371d12cec1491c1153b288a9ed","indexName":"nicksxs","hits":{"per_page":10}}}</script><script src=/js/config.js></script><meta content="learn from zero,技术博客,Nicksxs,史学森" name=description><meta content=website property=og:type><meta content="Nicksxs's Blog" property=og:title><meta content=https://nicksxs.me/page/3/index.html property=og:url><meta content="Nicksxs's Blog" property=og:site_name><meta content="learn from zero,技术博客,Nicksxs,史学森" property=og:description><meta content=zh_CN property=og:locale><meta content=Nicksxs property=article:author><meta content=Nicksxs,史学森,米方方,米方方的男朋友,森哥 property=article:tag><meta content=summary name=twitter:card><link href=https://nicksxs.me/page/3/ rel=canonical><script class=next-config data-name=page type=application/json>{"sidebar":"","isHome":true,"isPost":false,"lang":"zh-CN","comments":"","permalink":"","path":"page/3/index.html","title":""}</script><script class=next-config data-name=calendar type=application/json>""</script><title>Nicksxs's Blog - What hurts more, the pain of hard work or the pain of regret?</title><script async src=https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-61358619-1></script><script class=next-config data-name=google_analytics type=application/json>{"tracking_id":"UA-61358619-1","only_pageview":false,"measure_protocol_api_secret":null}</script><script src=/js/third-party/analytics/google-analytics.js></script><script src=/js/third-party/analytics/baidu-analytics.js></script><script async src=https://hm.baidu.com/hm.js?20f33b3c0c0eff9b1522999c0015646d></script><noscript><link href=/css/noscript.css rel=stylesheet></noscript><link title="Nicksxs's Blog" href=/atom.xml rel=alternate type=application/atom+xml><body class=use-motion itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/WebPage><div class=headband></div><main class=main><div class=column><header class=header itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/WPHeader><div class=site-brand-container><div class=site-nav-toggle><div aria-label=切换导航栏 class=toggle role=button><span class=toggle-line></span><span class=toggle-line></span><span class=toggle-line></span></div></div><div class=site-meta><a class=brand href=/ rel=start><i class=logo-line></i><h1 class=site-title>Nicksxs's Blog</h1><i class=logo-line></i></a><p class=site-subtitle itemprop=description>What hurts more, the pain of hard work or the pain of regret?</div><div class=site-nav-right><div class="toggle popup-trigger" aria-label=搜索 role=button><i class="fa fa-search fa-fw fa-lg"></i></div></div></div><nav class=site-nav><ul class="main-menu menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-home"><a href=/ rel=section><i class="fa fa-home fa-fw"></i>首页</a><li class="menu-item menu-item-about"><a href=/about/ rel=section><i class="fa fa-user fa-fw"></i>关于我</a><li class="menu-item menu-item-mirror"><a href=https://nicksxs.com/ rel=section target=_blank><i class="fa fa-user fa-fw"></i>国内镜像</a><li class="menu-item menu-item-tags"><a href=/tags/ rel=section><i class="fa fa-tags fa-fw"></i>标签</a><li class="menu-item menu-item-categories"><a href=/categories/ rel=section><i class="fa fa-th fa-fw"></i>分类</a><li class="menu-item menu-item-archives"><a href=/archives/ rel=section><i class="fa fa-archive fa-fw"></i>归档</a><li class="menu-item menu-item-top"><a href=/top/ rel=section><i class="fa fa-th fa-fw"></i>热度</a><li class="menu-item menu-item-sitemap"><a href=/sitemap.xml rel=section><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-fw"></i>站点地图</a><li class="menu-item menu-item-commonweal"><a href=/404/ rel=section><i class="fa fa-heartbeat fa-fw"></i>公益 404</a><li class="menu-item menu-item-search"><a class=popup-trigger role=button><i class="fa fa-search fa-fw"></i>搜索</a></ul></nav><div class=search-pop-overlay><div class="popup search-popup"><div class=search-header><span class=search-icon><i class="fa fa-search"></i></span><div class=search-input-container></div><span class=popup-btn-close role=button><i class="fa fa-times-circle"></i></span></div><div class=search-result-container><div class=algolia-stats><hr></div><div class=algolia-hits></div><div class=algolia-pagination></div></div></div></div></header><aside class=sidebar><div class="sidebar-inner sidebar-overview-active"><ul class=sidebar-nav><li class=sidebar-nav-toc>文章目录<li class=sidebar-nav-overview>站点概览</ul><div class=sidebar-panel-container><div class="post-toc-wrap sidebar-panel"></div><div class="site-overview-wrap sidebar-panel"><div class="site-author animated" itemprop=author itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Person><img alt=Nicksxs class=site-author-image itemprop=image src=/uploads/avatar.jpg><p class=site-author-name itemprop=name>Nicksxs<div class=site-description itemprop=description>learn from zero,技术博客,Nicksxs,史学森</div></div><div class="site-state-wrap animated"><nav class=site-state><div class="site-state-item site-state-posts"><a href=/archives/><span class=site-state-item-count>386</span> <span class=site-state-item-name>日志</span></a></div><div class="site-state-item site-state-categories"><a href=/categories/><span class=site-state-item-count>182</span> <span class=site-state-item-name>分类</span></a></div><div class="site-state-item site-state-tags"><a href=/tags/><span class=site-state-item-count>328</span> <span class=site-state-item-name>标签</span></a></div></nav></div><div class="links-of-author animated"><span class=links-of-author-item><a rel="noopener me" title="GitHub → https://github.com/nicksxs" href=https://github.com/nicksxs target=_blank><i class="fab fa-github fa-fw"></i>GitHub</a> </span><span class=links-of-author-item><a rel="noopener me" title="E-Mail → mailto:nicksxs1202@gmail.com" href=mailto:nicksxs1202@gmail.com target=_blank><i class="fa fa-envelope fa-fw"></i>E-Mail</a></span></div><div class="cc-license animated" itemprop=license><a class=cc-opacity href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ rel=noopener target=_blank><img alt="Creative Commons" src=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/creativecommons-vocabulary/2020.11.3/assets/license_badges/small/by_nc_sa.svg></a></div><div class=post-gallery itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/ImageGallery style=height:120px;min-height:120px><div class=post-gallery-row><a class="post-gallery-img fancybox" href=https://url.cn/LLWrL7gx itemprop=url itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/ImageObject rel=gallery_ target=_blank><img alt=腾讯云推广 itemprop=contentUrl src=https://img.nicksxs.com/blog/345X200.jpg style=padding:12px></a></div></div><div data-text-font="Trebuchet MS, Helvetica" class=widget-wrap data-canvas-id=sidebar-tag-cloud-canvas data-freeze-active=true data-max-speed=0.1 data-outline-colour=#E2E1D1 data-script-src=/js/tagcanvas.js data-tag-cloud data-text-colour=#333 data-text-height=20><div class="widget tagcloud" data-tag-cloud-container id=myCanvasContainer><canvas height=250 id=sidebar-tag-cloud-canvas style=width:100% width=250><ul class=tag-list itemprop=keywords><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/Java/ rel=tag>Java</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/java/ rel=tag>java</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/leetcode/ rel=tag>leetcode</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB/ rel=tag>生活</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/LLM/ rel=tag>LLM</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E9%A2%98%E8%A7%A3/ rel=tag>题解</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/SpringBoot/ rel=tag>SpringBoot</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/c/ rel=tag>c++</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/Tomcat/ rel=tag>Tomcat</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/Mysql/ rel=tag>Mysql</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/Mybatis/ rel=tag>Mybatis</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/redis/ rel=tag>redis</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E5%B0%8F%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7/ rel=tag>小技巧</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/mysql/ rel=tag>mysql</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/ rel=tag>数据结构</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81/ rel=tag>源码</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/MQ/ rel=tag>MQ</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97/ rel=tag>消息队列</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/RocketMQ/ rel=tag>RocketMQ</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8/ rel=tag>运动</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/php/ rel=tag>php</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/Spring/ rel=tag>Spring</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/linux/ rel=tag>linux</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E5%87%8F%E8%82%A5/ rel=tag>减肥</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E8%B7%91%E6%AD%A5/ rel=tag>跑步</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/Dubbo/ rel=tag>Dubbo</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/headscale/ rel=tag>headscale</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/Windows/ rel=tag>Windows</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/Docker/ rel=tag>Docker</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/git/ rel=tag>git</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/nas/ rel=tag>nas</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E5%B9%B2%E6%B4%BB/ rel=tag>干活</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95/ rel=tag>算法</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/ rel=tag>工具</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/llm/ rel=tag>llm</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E7%B3%9F%E5%BF%83%E4%BA%8B/ rel=tag>糟心事</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E8%AF%BB%E5%90%8E%E6%84%9F/ rel=tag>读后感</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E5%B9%B4%E7%BB%88%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/ rel=tag>年终总结</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/Apollo/ rel=tag>Apollo</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/RPC/ rel=tag>RPC</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/nginx/ rel=tag>nginx</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E5%89%8A%E5%B3%B0%E5%A1%AB%E8%B0%B7/ rel=tag>削峰填谷</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6/ rel=tag>中间件</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/markdown/ rel=tag>markdown</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99/ rel=tag>规则</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E/ rel=tag>杭州</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/2021/ rel=tag>2021</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/aqs/ rel=tag>aqs</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/C/ rel=tag>C++</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/Disruptor/ rel=tag>Disruptor</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/Binary-Tree/ rel=tag>Binary Tree</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%89%E6%A0%91/ rel=tag>二叉树</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/grep/ rel=tag>grep</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/namespace/ rel=tag>namespace</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/ssh/ rel=tag>ssh</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3%E8%BD%AC%E5%8F%91/ rel=tag>端口转发</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/Rust/ rel=tag>Rust</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E6%9D%83/ rel=tag>所有权</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83/ rel=tag>内存分布</a><li class=tag-list-item><a class=tag-list-link href=/tags/%E6%96%B0%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80/ rel=tag>新语言</a></ul></canvas></div></div><script defer src=/js/tagcloud-loader.js></script></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-inner sidebar-blogroll"><div class="links-of-blogroll animated"><div class=links-of-blogroll-title><i class="fa fa-globe fa-fw"></i> 链接</div><ul class=links-of-blogroll-list><li class=links-of-blogroll-item><a href=https://covermusic.cn/ rel=noopener target=_blank title=https://covermusic.cn>69伙伴</a></ul></div></div></aside></div><div class="main-inner index posts-expand"><div class=post-block><article class=post-content itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Article><link href=https://nicksxs.me/2026/06/21/%E6%B5%85%E6%9E%90%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8B%E5%90%84%E7%B1%BB%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90/ itemprop=mainEntityOfPage><span hidden itemprop=author itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Person><meta content=/uploads/avatar.jpg itemprop=image><meta content=Nicksxs itemprop=name></span><span hidden itemprop=publisher itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Organization><meta content="Nicksxs's Blog" itemprop=name><meta content="learn from zero,技术博客,Nicksxs,史学森" itemprop=description></span><span hidden itemprop=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/CreativeWork><meta content="undefined | Nicksxs's Blog" itemprop=name><meta itemprop=description></span><header class=post-header><h2 itemprop="name headline" class=post-title><a class=post-title-link href=/2026/06/21/%E6%B5%85%E6%9E%90%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8B%E5%90%84%E7%B1%BB%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90/ itemprop=url>浅析一下jpeg图片格式及其来源</a></h2><div class=post-meta-container><div class=post-meta><span class=post-meta-item><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>发表于</span> <time itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" title="创建时间:2026-06-21 20:42:27" datetime=2026-06-21T20:42:27+08:00>2026-06-21</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item cloudflare-page-counter" data-increment=false data-path=/2026/06/21/%E6%B5%85%E6%9E%90%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8B%E5%90%84%E7%B1%BB%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90/ data-title=浅析一下jpeg图片格式及其来源 title=阅读次数><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>阅读次数:</span> <span class=cloudflare-page-counter-count></span> </span><span class=post-meta-item><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-comment"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>Disqus:</span> <a href=/2026/06/21/%E6%B5%85%E6%9E%90%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8B%E5%90%84%E7%B1%BB%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90/#disqus_thread itemprop=discussionUrl title=disqus><span class="post-comments-count disqus-comment-count" data-disqus-identifier=2026/06/21/浅析一下各类图片格式及其来源/ itemprop=commentCount></span></a></span></div></div></header><div class=post-body itemprop=articleBody><h1 id=JPEG-是怎么压缩图片的?><a title="JPEG 是怎么压缩图片的?" class=headerlink href=#JPEG-是怎么压缩图片的?></a>JPEG 是怎么压缩图片的?</h1><p>JPEG 的核心目标是:<blockquote><p>在人眼不太容易察觉的地方丢掉一些信息,从而大幅减小照片体积。</blockquote><p>所以 JPEG 通常是 <strong>有损压缩</strong>。它不是简单地把文件“打包变小”,而是会真的改变图像数据。<p>可以把 JPEG 压缩理解成几个步骤:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br><span class=line>4</span><br><span class=line>5</span><br><span class=line>6</span><br><span class=line>7</span><br><span class=line>8</span><br><span class=line>9</span><br><span class=line>10</span><br><span class=line>11</span><br><span class=line>12</span><br><span class=line>13</span><br><span class=line>14</span><br><span class=line>15</span><br><span class=line>16</span><br><span class=line>17</span><br><span class=line>18</span><br><span class=line>19</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>RGB 图像</span><br><span class=line>↓</span><br><span class=line>转换成 YCbCr</span><br><span class=line>↓</span><br><span class=line>色度抽样</span><br><span class=line>↓</span><br><span class=line>切成 8×8 小块</span><br><span class=line>↓</span><br><span class=line>DCT 变换</span><br><span class=line>↓</span><br><span class=line>量化</span><br><span class=line>↓</span><br><span class=line>Zigzag 扫描</span><br><span class=line>↓</span><br><span class=line>游程编码</span><br><span class=line>↓</span><br><span class=line>熵编码</span><br><span class=line>↓</span><br><span class=line>生成 JPEG 文件</span><br></pre></table></figure><hr><h2 id=1-RGB-转成-YCbCr><a title="1. RGB 转成 YCbCr" class=headerlink href=#1-RGB-转成-YCbCr></a>1. RGB 转成 YCbCr</h2><p>我们平时看到的图片通常可以理解成 RGB:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>R = 红色</span><br><span class=line>G = 绿色</span><br><span class=line>B = 蓝色</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>但 JPEG 不直接用 RGB 压缩,而是会先转换成 YCbCr:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>Y = 亮度信息</span><br><span class=line>Cb = 蓝色色度信息</span><br><span class=line>Cr = 红色色度信息</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>这么做是因为人眼对 <strong>亮度变化</strong> 很敏感,但对 <strong>颜色细节</strong> 没那么敏感。<p>比如一张人脸照片:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>轮廓、明暗、边缘变化很重要</span><br><span class=line>颜色细节稍微模糊一点,人眼不一定明显察觉</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>所以 JPEG 会把图像拆成:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>更重要的亮度通道 Y</span><br><span class=line>没那么重要的颜色通道 Cb / Cr</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>后面压缩时,颜色通道可以压得更狠一些。<hr><h2 id=2-色度抽样><a title="2. 色度抽样" class=headerlink href=#2-色度抽样></a>2. 色度抽样</h2><p>既然人眼对颜色细节没那么敏感,JPEG 就可以减少颜色信息的采样数量。<p>常见色度抽样有:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>4:4:4 不减少颜色信息</span><br><span class=line>4:2:2 横向减少一半颜色信息</span><br><span class=line>4:2:0 横向和纵向都减少颜色信息</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>最常见的是 <strong>4:2:0</strong>。<p>它大概意思是:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>亮度信息完整保留</span><br><span class=line>颜色信息减少到原来的一部分</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>举个简化例子:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br><span class=line>4</span><br><span class=line>5</span><br><span class=line>6</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>原始:</span><br><span class=line>每个像素都有 Y、Cb、Cr</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line>4:2:0 后:</span><br><span class=line>每个像素仍然有 Y</span><br><span class=line>但多个像素共用一组 Cb、Cr</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>这一步对照片很有效,因为自然照片里颜色通常是连续变化的。<br>但如果是文字截图、UI 图标、红蓝边缘特别明显的图,色度抽样可能会让边缘发糊、出现彩边。<p>所以:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>照片适合 JPEG</span><br><span class=line>截图、文字、Logo 不太适合 JPEG</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>这里再补充一个,就是4:2:0究竟是啥意思<h3 id=YCbCr-是啥意思><a title="YCbCr 是啥意思" class=headerlink href=#YCbCr-是啥意思></a>YCbCr 是啥意思</h3><p>YCbCr 会把一个颜色拆成三部分:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>Y = 亮度,也就是明暗</span><br><span class=line>Cb = 蓝色色度差,大概表示“偏蓝还是不偏蓝”</span><br><span class=line>Cr = 红色色度差,大概表示“偏红还是不偏红”</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>注意:Cb / Cr 不是直接等于蓝色和红色,而是 <strong>颜色差异信息</strong>。<p>可以粗略理解为:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>Y 管黑白明暗</span><br><span class=line>Cb 管蓝黄方向的颜色变化</span><br><span class=line>Cr 管红绿方向的颜色变化</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>所以一张 RGB 图片转成 YCbCr 后,可以想象成三张灰度图:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br><span class=line>4</span><br><span class=line>5</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>原图</span><br><span class=line>↓</span><br><span class=line>Y 图:黑白版,保留轮廓、明暗、细节</span><br><span class=line>Cb 图:颜色偏蓝 / 偏黄的信息</span><br><span class=line>Cr 图:颜色偏红 / 偏绿的信息</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>其中最重要的是 <strong>Y 亮度图</strong>。<hr><h3 id=为什么可以把亮度和颜色分开?><a class=headerlink href=#为什么可以把亮度和颜色分开? title=为什么可以把亮度和颜色分开?></a>为什么可以把亮度和颜色分开?</h3><p>因为人眼看图时,最敏感的是亮度边缘,而不是颜色边缘。<p>比如一张白底黑字图片:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>白底 + 黑字</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>你能很清楚看见文字,是因为亮度差异很大。<p>再比如一张人像照片:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br><span class=line>4</span><br><span class=line>5</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>脸部轮廓</span><br><span class=line>鼻梁阴影</span><br><span class=line>眼睛边缘</span><br><span class=line>头发明暗</span><br><span class=line>衣服褶皱</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>这些主要靠 <strong>Y 亮度信息</strong> 表达。<p>但颜色细节稍微粗糙一点,比如皮肤颜色、天空蓝色、墙面颜色,人的感知没那么敏锐。<p>所以 JPEG 的策略是:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>Y 亮度:尽量保留清楚</span><br><span class=line>Cb / Cr 颜色:可以减少一些</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>这就是色度抽样的基础。<hr><h3 id=4-RGB-转-YCbCr-是怎么转><a title="4. RGB 转 YCbCr 是怎么转" class=headerlink href=#4-RGB-转-YCbCr-是怎么转></a>4. RGB 转 YCbCr 是怎么转</h3><p>近似公式是:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>Y = 0.299R + 0.587G + 0.114B</span><br><span class=line>Cb = B - Y 的某种缩放</span><br><span class=line>Cr = R - Y 的某种缩放</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>这里可以看到G是权重最大的,因为人眼对绿色最敏感,所以绿色对亮度感知贡献最大。<p>例如:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>R = 200</span><br><span class=line>G = 120</span><br><span class=line>B = 80</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>那么亮度 Y 大概是:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>Y = 0.299 × 200 + 0.587 × 120 + 0.114 × 80</span><br><span class=line> ≈ 59.8 + 70.4 + 9.1</span><br><span class=line> ≈ 139.3</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>所以这个像素的亮度大概是 139。<p>然后 Cb / Cr 负责记录它相对于这个亮度来说,颜色偏向哪里。<p>简单理解:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>Y 记录:这个点有多亮</span><br><span class=line>Cb/Cr 记录:在这个亮度基础上,它是什么颜色</span><br></pre></table></figure><hr><h3 id=刚才说的-4-4-4、4-2-2、4-2-0-是啥意思><a title="刚才说的 4:4:4、4:2:2、4:2:0 是啥意思" class=headerlink href=#刚才说的-4-4-4、4-2-2、4-2-0-是啥意思></a>刚才说的 4:4:4、4:2:2、4:2:0 是啥意思</h3><blockquote><p>色度通道 Cb / Cr 相对于亮度通道 Y,被保留了多少采样点。</blockquote><p>先看一个 2×2 像素块。<p>原始情况下,每个像素都有:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>Y + Cb + Cr</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>也就是:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br><span class=line>4</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>像素 A: Y1 Cb1 Cr1</span><br><span class=line>像素 B: Y2 Cb2 Cr2</span><br><span class=line>像素 C: Y3 Cb3 Cr3</span><br><span class=line>像素 D: Y4 Cb4 Cr4</span><br></pre></table></figure><hr><h2 id=6-4-4-4:完全不减少颜色信息><a title="6. 4:4:4:完全不减少颜色信息" class=headerlink href=#6-4-4-4:完全不减少颜色信息></a>6. 4:4:4:完全不减少颜色信息</h2><p>4:4:4 表示:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>每个像素都有自己的 Y</span><br><span class=line>每个像素也都有自己的 Cb / Cr</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>用 2×2 看:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br><span class=line>4</span><br><span class=line>5</span><br><span class=line>6</span><br><span class=line>7</span><br><span class=line>8</span><br><span class=line>9</span><br><span class=line>10</span><br><span class=line>11</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>Y:</span><br><span class=line>Y1 Y2</span><br><span class=line>Y3 Y4</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line>Cb:</span><br><span class=line>Cb1 Cb2</span><br><span class=line>Cb3 Cb4</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line>Cr:</span><br><span class=line>Cr1 Cr2</span><br><span class=line>Cr3 Cr4</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>也就是亮度和颜色分辨率一样高。<p>所以:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>4:4:4 = 不做色度抽样</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>质量最好,体积也更大。<hr><h2 id=7-4-2-2:横向减少颜色信息><a title="7. 4:2:2:横向减少颜色信息" class=headerlink href=#7-4-2-2:横向减少颜色信息></a>7. 4:2:2:横向减少颜色信息</h2><p>4:2:2 表示:<blockquote><p>水平方向的颜色采样减半,垂直方向不减。</blockquote><p>可以理解成:横向相邻两个像素共用一组 Cb / Cr。<p>比如 2×2 像素:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br><span class=line>4</span><br><span class=line>5</span><br><span class=line>6</span><br><span class=line>7</span><br><span class=line>8</span><br><span class=line>9</span><br><span class=line>10</span><br><span class=line>11</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>Y:</span><br><span class=line>Y1 Y2</span><br><span class=line>Y3 Y4</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line>Cb:</span><br><span class=line>Cb1 Cb1</span><br><span class=line>Cb2 Cb2</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line>Cr:</span><br><span class=line>Cr1 Cr1</span><br><span class=line>Cr2 Cr2</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>也就是:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>第一行:两个像素共用一组颜色</span><br><span class=line>第二行:两个像素共用一组颜色</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>亮度 Y 仍然每个像素都有。<p>所以:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>4:2:2 = 横向颜色分辨率减半,纵向颜色分辨率不变</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>如果原来颜色采样是:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>宽 1000,高 1000</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>4:2:2 的颜色通道大概变成:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>宽 500,高 1000</span><br></pre></table></figure><hr><h2 id=8-4-2-0:横向和纵向都减少颜色信息><a title="8. 4:2:0:横向和纵向都减少颜色信息" class=headerlink href=#8-4-2-0:横向和纵向都减少颜色信息></a>8. 4:2:0:横向和纵向都减少颜色信息</h2><p>4:2:0 最容易误解。它不是说“颜色没有了”,也不是说“第二行没有颜色”。<p>它的意思是:<blockquote><p>色度信息在横向减半,纵向也减半。</blockquote><p>也就是一个 2×2 像素块共用一组 Cb / Cr。<p>看 2×2:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br><span class=line>4</span><br><span class=line>5</span><br><span class=line>6</span><br><span class=line>7</span><br><span class=line>8</span><br><span class=line>9</span><br><span class=line>10</span><br><span class=line>11</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>Y:</span><br><span class=line>Y1 Y2</span><br><span class=line>Y3 Y4</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line>Cb:</span><br><span class=line>Cb1 Cb1</span><br><span class=line>Cb1 Cb1</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line>Cr:</span><br><span class=line>Cr1 Cr1</span><br><span class=line>Cr1 Cr1</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>也就是说:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>4 个像素各自有自己的亮度 Y</span><br><span class=line>但 4 个像素共用同一组颜色 Cb / Cr</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>所以颜色通道的分辨率变成原来的:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>宽度 1/2</span><br><span class=line>高度 1/2</span><br><span class=line>总采样点 = 1/4</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>假设原图是:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>1920 × 1080</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>Y 通道仍然是:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>1920 × 1080</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>但 Cb 通道变成:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>960 × 540</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>Cr 通道也变成:<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>960 × 540</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>这就是“横向纵向都减少颜色信息”。<hr><p>这是一个前置的理解,那么关于图片格式,也想聊下怎么识别这些格式,光是后缀好像是可以被随意改动,比如这个jpeg的格式,那么我们可以从文件头来看<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>FF D8 FF E0 ... 4A 46 49 46</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>后面就代表的是 <code>JFIF</code> 这是文件头<p>我们也可以用一个小工具来识别<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br><span class=line>4</span><br><span class=line>5</span><br><span class=line>6</span><br><span class=line>7</span><br><span class=line>8</span><br><span class=line>9</span><br><span class=line>10</span><br><span class=line>11</span><br><span class=line>12</span><br><span class=line>13</span><br><span class=line>14</span><br><span class=line>15</span><br><span class=line>16</span><br><span class=line>17</span><br><span class=line>18</span><br><span class=line>19</span><br><span class=line>20</span><br><span class=line>21</span><br><span class=line>22</span><br><span class=line>23</span><br><span class=line>24</span><br><span class=line>25</span><br><span class=line>26</span><br><span class=line>27</span><br><span class=line>28</span><br><span class=line>29</span><br><span class=line>30</span><br><span class=line>31</span><br><span class=line>32</span><br><span class=line>33</span><br><span class=line>34</span><br><span class=line>35</span><br><span class=line>36</span><br><span class=line>37</span><br><span class=line>38</span><br><span class=line>39</span><br><span class=line>40</span><br><span class=line>41</span><br><span class=line>42</span><br><span class=line>43</span><br><span class=line>44</span><br><span class=line>45</span><br><span class=line>46</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line><span class=meta>&LT?php</span></span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line><span class=function><span class=keyword>function</span> <span class=title>detectImageType</span>(<span class=params><span class=keyword>string</span> <span class=variable>$path</span></span>): <span class=title>string</span></span></span><br><span class=line><span class=function></span>{</span><br><span class=line> <span class=variable>$h</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">file_get_contents</span>(<span class=variable>$path</span>, <span class=literal>false</span>, <span class=literal>null</span>, <span class=number>0</span>, <span class=number>32</span>);</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>if</span> (<span class=variable>$h</span> === <span class=literal>false</span> || <span class=variable>$h</span> === <span class=string>''</span>) {</span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>return</span> <span class=string>'unknown'</span>;</span><br><span class=line> }</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>if</span> (<span class="title function_ invoke__">strncmp</span>(<span class=variable>$h</span>, <span class=string>"\xFF\xD8\xFF"</span>, <span class=number>3</span>) === <span class=number>0</span>) {</span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>return</span> <span class=string>'image/jpeg'</span>;</span><br><span class=line> }</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>if</span> (<span class="title function_ invoke__">strncmp</span>(<span class=variable>$h</span>, <span class=string>"\x89PNG\x0D\x0A\x1A\x0A"</span>, <span class=number>8</span>) === <span class=number>0</span>) {</span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>return</span> <span class=string>'image/png'</span>;</span><br><span class=line> }</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>if</span> (<span class="title function_ invoke__">strncmp</span>(<span class=variable>$h</span>, <span class=string>"GIF87a"</span>, <span class=number>6</span>) === <span class=number>0</span> || <span class="title function_ invoke__">strncmp</span>(<span class=variable>$h</span>, <span class=string>"GIF89a"</span>, <span class=number>6</span>) === <span class=number>0</span>) {</span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>return</span> <span class=string>'image/gif'</span>;</span><br><span class=line> }</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>if</span> (<span class="title function_ invoke__">strlen</span>(<span class=variable>$h</span>) >= <span class=number>12</span> && <span class="title function_ invoke__">substr</span>(<span class=variable>$h</span>, <span class=number>0</span>, <span class=number>4</span>) === <span class=string>"RIFF"</span> && <span class="title function_ invoke__">substr</span>(<span class=variable>$h</span>, <span class=number>8</span>, <span class=number>4</span>) === <span class=string>"WEBP"</span>) {</span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>return</span> <span class=string>'image/webp'</span>;</span><br><span class=line> }</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>if</span> (<span class="title function_ invoke__">strlen</span>(<span class=variable>$h</span>) >= <span class=number>12</span> && <span class="title function_ invoke__">substr</span>(<span class=variable>$h</span>, <span class=number>4</span>, <span class=number>4</span>) === <span class=string>"ftyp"</span>) {</span><br><span class=line> <span class=variable>$brands</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">substr</span>(<span class=variable>$h</span>, <span class=number>8</span>);</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>if</span> (<span class="title function_ invoke__">str_contains</span>(<span class=variable>$brands</span>, <span class=string>"avif"</span>)) {</span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>return</span> <span class=string>'image/avif'</span>;</span><br><span class=line> }</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>if</span> (</span><br><span class=line> <span class="title function_ invoke__">str_contains</span>(<span class=variable>$brands</span>, <span class=string>"heic"</span>) ||</span><br><span class=line> <span class="title function_ invoke__">str_contains</span>(<span class=variable>$brands</span>, <span class=string>"heix"</span>) ||</span><br><span class=line> <span class="title function_ invoke__">str_contains</span>(<span class=variable>$brands</span>, <span class=string>"mif1"</span>)</span><br><span class=line> ) {</span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>return</span> <span class=string>'image/heif'</span>;</span><br><span class=line> }</span><br><span class=line> }</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line> <span class=keyword>return</span> <span class=string>'unknown'</span>;</span><br><span class=line>}</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line><span class=keyword>echo</span> <span class="title function_ invoke__">detectImageType</span>(<span class=variable>$argv</span>[<span class=number>1</span>] ?? <span class=string>''</span>) . PHP_EOL;</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>这是通过文件头和brand来一起识别,brand是针对那些跟视频格式一致的可能包含容器的格式<br>比如<code>HEIC / AVIF</code>,对于<code>JPEG、PNG、GIF、WebP</code>这类常规格式,是一般从文件头识别<br>而后面的容器型则需要结合容器的brand标识,<br>比如一个<code>AVIF</code>的文件头是<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>00 00 00 20 66 74 79 70 61 76 69 66 00 00 00 00 61 76 69 66 6D 69 66 31</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>拆开以后就是<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br><span class=line>4</span><br><span class=line>5</span><br><span class=line>6</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>00 00 00 20 = box size</span><br><span class=line>66 74 79 70 = ftyp</span><br><span class=line>61 76 69 66 = avif</span><br><span class=line>00 00 00 00 = minor_version</span><br><span class=line>61 76 69 66 = avif</span><br><span class=line>6D 69 66 31 = mif1</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>也就是<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>box type: ftyp</span><br><span class=line>major_brand: avif</span><br><span class=line>compatible_brands: avif, mif1</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>这样就大致知道了图片格式的识别</div><footer class=post-footer><div class=post-eof></div></footer></article></div><div class=post-block><article class=post-content itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Article><link href=https://nicksxs.me/2026/06/14/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8Egithub%E6%8B%89%E5%8F%96%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A6%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F/ itemprop=mainEntityOfPage><span hidden itemprop=author itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Person><meta content=/uploads/avatar.jpg itemprop=image><meta content=Nicksxs itemprop=name></span><span hidden itemprop=publisher itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Organization><meta content="Nicksxs's Blog" itemprop=name><meta content="learn from zero,技术博客,Nicksxs,史学森" itemprop=description></span><span hidden itemprop=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/CreativeWork><meta content="undefined | Nicksxs's Blog" itemprop=name><meta itemprop=description></span><header class=post-header><h2 itemprop="name headline" class=post-title><a class=post-title-link href=/2026/06/14/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8Egithub%E6%8B%89%E5%8F%96%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A6%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F/ itemprop=url>关于github拉取下载加速的另一个方式</a></h2><div class=post-meta-container><div class=post-meta><span class=post-meta-item><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>发表于</span> <time itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" title="创建时间:2026-06-14 21:45:35 / 修改时间:21:45:45" datetime=2026-06-14T21:45:35+08:00>2026-06-14</time> </span><span class=post-meta-item><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-folder"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>分类于</span> <span itemprop=about itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Thing><a href=/categories/llm/ itemprop=url rel=index><span itemprop=name>llm</span></a> </span></span><span class="post-meta-item cloudflare-page-counter" data-increment=false data-path=/2026/06/14/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8Egithub%E6%8B%89%E5%8F%96%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A6%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F/ data-title=关于github拉取下载加速的另一个方式 title=阅读次数><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>阅读次数:</span> <span class=cloudflare-page-counter-count></span> </span><span class=post-meta-item><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-comment"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>Disqus:</span> <a href=/2026/06/14/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8Egithub%E6%8B%89%E5%8F%96%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A6%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F/#disqus_thread itemprop=discussionUrl title=disqus><span class="post-comments-count disqus-comment-count" data-disqus-identifier=2026/06/14/关于github拉取下载加速的另一个方式/ itemprop=commentCount></span></a></span></div></div></header><div class=post-body itemprop=articleBody><p>今天在尝试使用llama.cpp在mac下本地运行大模型的时候发现拉取llama.cpp的仓库还是比较慢,这点真的是挺难受,可能我们在玩一项技术的时候,有一大半时间都在克服这个问题,<br>这个方式也是谷歌搜到的,就是走 <a href=https://gh-proxy.com/ rel=noopener target=_blank>https://gh-proxy.com/</a> 转换镜像链接,<br>比如刚才的llama.cpp的仓库,<a href=https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp.git rel=noopener target=_blank>https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp.git</a> 这个地址<br>通过 gh-proxy的转换就变成了<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>https://v4.gh-proxy.org/https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp.git</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>但是呢有个问题,如果是走git clone我发现这个镜像地址也会是一开始比较快,后面就变慢直到速度很慢然后失败<br>所以另一个方法是直接用github的打包zip下载功能<br>一般是这种地址<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/archive/refs/heads/master.zip</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>关键是它也可以走gh-proxy的中转,<br>转换之后就可以变成了<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>https://v4.gh-proxy.org/https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/archive/refs/heads/master.zip</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>这里的差别主要是git clone会按文件传,本身仓库会有很多小文件,所以通过压缩包的形式,相对来说通过分块传输会效率更高一些<br>至于今天本来想玩的本地模型,发现27B在mac上的确是不太跑得起来,甚至有点想买个512g或者256g的mac studio,不知道啥时候会出新款<br>苹果有没有可能财大气粗不受内存涨价的影响呢</div><footer class=post-footer><div class=post-eof></div></footer></article></div><div class=post-block><article class=post-content itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Article><link href=https://nicksxs.me/2026/06/07/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E9%80%82%E5%90%88%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B-%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90%E4%B8%8Bllmfit/ itemprop=mainEntityOfPage><span hidden itemprop=author itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Person><meta content=/uploads/avatar.jpg itemprop=image><meta content=Nicksxs itemprop=name></span><span hidden itemprop=publisher itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Organization><meta content="Nicksxs's Blog" itemprop=name><meta content="learn from zero,技术博客,Nicksxs,史学森" itemprop=description></span><span hidden itemprop=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/CreativeWork><meta content="undefined | Nicksxs's Blog" itemprop=name><meta itemprop=description></span><header class=post-header><h2 itemprop="name headline" class=post-title><a class=post-title-link href=/2026/06/07/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E9%80%82%E5%90%88%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B-%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90%E4%B8%8Bllmfit/ itemprop=url>关于适合什么模型,推荐下llmfit</a></h2><div class=post-meta-container><div class=post-meta><span class=post-meta-item><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>发表于</span> <time itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" title="创建时间:2026-06-07 22:21:03" datetime=2026-06-07T22:21:03+08:00>2026-06-07</time> </span><span class=post-meta-item><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-folder"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>分类于</span> <span itemprop=about itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Thing><a href=/categories/llm/ itemprop=url rel=index><span itemprop=name>llm</span></a> </span></span><span class="post-meta-item cloudflare-page-counter" data-increment=false data-path=/2026/06/07/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E9%80%82%E5%90%88%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B-%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90%E4%B8%8Bllmfit/ data-title=关于适合什么模型,推荐下llmfit title=阅读次数><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>阅读次数:</span> <span class=cloudflare-page-counter-count></span> </span><span class=post-meta-item><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-comment"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>Disqus:</span> <a href=/2026/06/07/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E9%80%82%E5%90%88%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B-%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90%E4%B8%8Bllmfit/#disqus_thread itemprop=discussionUrl title=disqus><span class="post-comments-count disqus-comment-count" data-disqus-identifier=2026/06/07/关于适合什么模型-推荐下llmfit/ itemprop=commentCount></span></a></span></div></div></header><div class=post-body itemprop=articleBody><p>上次我是实地使用llama.cpp跑了本地大模型,这种测试成本比较大,<br>刚好上次看到有个软件可以运行在本地来评估当前机器的性能可以跑什么样的大模型<br>它就是<a href=https://github.com/AlexsJones/llmfit/blob/main/README.zh.md rel=noopener target=_blank>llmfit</a><br>在mac可以使用<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>brew install llmfit</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>windows可以<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>scoop install llmfit</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>安装好就可以直接运行了<br><img data-src=https://img.nicksxs.me/uPic/VJ1Tjq.png><br>可以看到有列了很多模型,包括参数量,token速度,占用磁盘大小,内存占用率,上下文大小等等<br>这样就很容易能看到我的电脑能跑什么样的模型,另外比较重要的是内存和硬盘的占用,<br>因为当我们真正使用的时候,除非这个电脑就被定位是只用来跑模型,不然我们一般也还会有同时在电脑上运行的程序<br>比如要一边写点文章,看会视频等,比如占用个50%的内存那差不多,如果要90%这种,显然是不太实际的<br>还有上下文长度,如果要运行对应的agent的话,还需要保障基础的上下文长度<br>它的原理主要是通过硬件驱动接口来识别当前设备的配置情况<br>比如n卡的话就是nvidia-smi,<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br><span class=line>2</span><br><span class=line>3</span><br><span class=line>4</span><br><span class=line>5</span><br><span class=line>6</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>llmfit在启动时使用sysinfo(用于RAM和CPU)和特定于供应商的工具组合读取你的系统规格:</span><br><span class=line></span><br><span class=line>NVIDIA:查询nvidia-smi,为多GPU设置聚合所有检测到的GPU的显存</span><br><span class=line>AMD:通过rocm-smi检测</span><br><span class=line>Intel Arc:从sysfs读取独立显存,通过lspci集成</span><br><span class=line>Apple Silicon:通过system_profiler读取统一内存(显存 = 系统RAM,因为是共享池)</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>它还识别正在使用的加速后端——CUDA、Metal、ROCm、SYCL或CPU(ARM/x86)——,因为这直接影响速度估计。</div><footer class=post-footer><div class=post-eof></div></footer></article></div><div class=post-block><article class=post-content itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Article><link href=https://nicksxs.me/2026/05/31/%E7%9C%8B%E7%9C%8B%E7%9B%AE%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E8%83%BD%E8%B7%91%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8llama-cpp/ itemprop=mainEntityOfPage><span hidden itemprop=author itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Person><meta content=/uploads/avatar.jpg itemprop=image><meta content=Nicksxs itemprop=name></span><span hidden itemprop=publisher itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Organization><meta content="Nicksxs's Blog" itemprop=name><meta content="learn from zero,技术博客,Nicksxs,史学森" itemprop=description></span><span hidden itemprop=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/CreativeWork><meta content="undefined | Nicksxs's Blog" itemprop=name><meta itemprop=description></span><header class=post-header><h2 itemprop="name headline" class=post-title><a class=post-title-link href=/2026/05/31/%E7%9C%8B%E7%9C%8B%E7%9B%AE%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E8%83%BD%E8%B7%91%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8llama-cpp/ itemprop=url>看看目前本地能跑什么模型,使用llama.cpp</a></h2><div class=post-meta-container><div class=post-meta><span class=post-meta-item><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>发表于</span> <time itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" title="创建时间:2026-05-31 22:07:14 / 修改时间:22:07:27" datetime=2026-05-31T22:07:14+08:00>2026-05-31</time> </span><span class=post-meta-item><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-folder"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>分类于</span> <span itemprop=about itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Thing><a href=/categories/llm/ itemprop=url rel=index><span itemprop=name>llm</span></a> </span></span><span class="post-meta-item cloudflare-page-counter" data-increment=false data-path=/2026/05/31/%E7%9C%8B%E7%9C%8B%E7%9B%AE%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E8%83%BD%E8%B7%91%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8llama-cpp/ data-title=看看目前本地能跑什么模型,使用llama.cpp title=阅读次数><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>阅读次数:</span> <span class=cloudflare-page-counter-count></span> </span><span class=post-meta-item><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-comment"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>Disqus:</span> <a href=/2026/05/31/%E7%9C%8B%E7%9C%8B%E7%9B%AE%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E8%83%BD%E8%B7%91%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8llama-cpp/#disqus_thread itemprop=discussionUrl title=disqus><span class="post-comments-count disqus-comment-count" data-disqus-identifier=2026/05/31/看看目前本地能跑什么模型-使用llama-cpp/ itemprop=commentCount></span></a></span></div></div></header><div class=post-body itemprop=articleBody><p>除了购买各种订阅和api服务,还有一种选择就是本地运行模型,但是这个一般来讲还是只能运行一些参数量比较小的,<br>随着开源权重模型的发展,这个方向也在慢慢的改变,当然差距肯定是有的,只是本地我们可以用来做些辅助工作<br>之前很多情况下一般都只是能作为玩具,并且由于ollama和lm studio还是有一些性能损耗<br>之前有了解到llama.cpp这个开源项目,貌似很多lm studio等都是基于它构建的,那么直接用它是不是可以更充分的压榨我的渣渣显卡性能<br>首先可以在llama.cpp的github<a href=https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases rel=noopener target=_blank>地址</a>下载已经构建好的包<br>比如我是windows下,然后是在笔记本上的3060(6g)显卡,<br>cuda版本可以通过nvidia-smi查看,我的是12版本的<br><img data-src=https://img.nicksxs.me/uPic/Gbp6uD.png><br>注意这里要下载两个包,一个是llama的主包,还有是后面跟着的[CUDA 12.4 DLLs]也是得下载的,不然会当成cpu模式在运行<br>后面的包解压后也放在前面主包解压的目录里,<br>这里主要是看下怎么设置参数,因为像之前说的,我有在本地运行<code>hermes agent</code>,它最低需要64k的上下文,那么我就是想试试哪个模型可以<br>看了下模型体积,只能上9B参数量左右的模型,否则都是直接爆显存<br>所以就试下qwen3.6 的 9B模型,可以在hugging face下载模型<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class=gutter><pre><span class=line>1</span><br></pre><td class=code><pre><span class=line>.\llama-cli.exe -m F:\models\Qwen3.5-9B-Q4_K_M.gguf --ctx-size 65536 --flash-attn on --cache-type-k q4_0 --cache-type-v q4_0 --n-gpu-layers 28 --parallel 1</span><br></pre></table></figure><p>用的是 Q4_K_M 量化的,还是相对折中的,<br><code>--ctx-size 65536</code> 代表上下文是64k,符合爱马仕的要求<br><code>--flash-attn on</code> 是开启 Flash Attention,也是为了降低 attention 计算的显存占用<br><code>--cache-type-k q4_0 --cache-type-v q4_0</code> 是设置了kv cache的量化大小,也是进行适当降低,防止显卡扛不住<br><code>--n-gpu-layers 26</code> 是加载到显存26层,因为本身64k的上下文已经很占显存,所以只能加载26层,否则就会报显存oom这种<br><code>--parallel 1</code> 表示并行度是1,因为我就单个会话使用<br><code>llama-cli.exe</code> 和 <code>llama-server.exe</code> 的差别是你就在运行的窗口对话还是需要提供对话服务给<code>Open WebUI、Cherry Studio</code> 这些使用<br>当然也可以是爱马仕<br>直接cli运行的话,我测了下,能有6.6token/s, 勉强还可以使用的感觉,这样是占了5.2g的显存,并且如果模型用来做一些简单任务的话,还是比较可用的</div><footer class=post-footer><div class=post-eof></div></footer></article></div><div class=post-block><article class=post-content itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Article><link href=https://nicksxs.me/2026/05/24/%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8vibe-coding%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E6%84%9F%E6%82%9F/ itemprop=mainEntityOfPage><span hidden itemprop=author itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Person><meta content=/uploads/avatar.jpg itemprop=image><meta content=Nicksxs itemprop=name></span><span hidden itemprop=publisher itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Organization><meta content="Nicksxs's Blog" itemprop=name><meta content="learn from zero,技术博客,Nicksxs,史学森" itemprop=description></span><span hidden itemprop=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/CreativeWork><meta content="undefined | Nicksxs's Blog" itemprop=name><meta itemprop=description></span><header class=post-header><h2 itemprop="name headline" class=post-title><a class=post-title-link href=/2026/05/24/%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8vibe-coding%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E6%84%9F%E6%82%9F/ itemprop=url>最近使用vibe coding的一些感悟</a></h2><div class=post-meta-container><div class=post-meta><span class=post-meta-item><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>发表于</span> <time itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" title="创建时间:2026-05-24 21:07:23" datetime=2026-05-24T21:07:23+08:00>2026-05-24</time> </span><span class=post-meta-item><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-folder"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>分类于</span> <span itemprop=about itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Thing><a href=/categories/llm/ itemprop=url rel=index><span itemprop=name>llm</span></a> </span></span><span class="post-meta-item cloudflare-page-counter" data-title="最近使用vibe coding的一些感悟" data-increment=false data-path=/2026/05/24/%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8vibe-coding%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E6%84%9F%E6%82%9F/ title=阅读次数><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>阅读次数:</span> <span class=cloudflare-page-counter-count></span> </span><span class=post-meta-item><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="far fa-comment"></i> </span><span class=post-meta-item-text>Disqus:</span> <a href=/2026/05/24/%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8vibe-coding%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E6%84%9F%E6%82%9F/#disqus_thread itemprop=discussionUrl title=disqus><span class="post-comments-count disqus-comment-count" data-disqus-identifier=2026/05/24/最近使用vibe-coding的一些感悟/ itemprop=commentCount></span></a></span></div></div></header><div class=post-body itemprop=articleBody><p>一段时间都有在用大模型来辅助编程,不过现在很多都叫成vibe coding了,连胡彦斌都在vibe coding了,<br>现在是个全民皆可做软件开发的时代,包括像之前那个小猫补光灯,有的人的想法是说点子不重要了<br>我自己想的有点不一样,vibe coding现在是把成熟的开发者和小白或者完全不了解代码的人之间的差距磨平或者说缩小很多了<br>一旦有点子,很快就可以让大模型来做想法的实现,随着模型能力越来越强,<br>以前需要一定的开发知识来搞懂怎么建项目环境,构建,打包这些,都变得完全可以由大模型来处理<br>那么剩下的是什么呢,<br>一方面我理解还是对于把开发作为工作的软件工程师来说,对项目历史,背景,包袱的理解<br>这个很大程度也有很多人都在尝试通过SDD等方式来解决,但是目前看下来还是有一定差距,取决于项目背景的复杂度<br>还有一方面是做的事情是独立的还是需要多方合作,比如有个项目,涉及到四方合作开发,并且是一个流程上的上下游<br>你只是作为其中一个环节的开发人员,那么这个开发本身可能是问题不大,但是对于上下游的不可控,还是需要人力做比较大的介入和兜底<br>这里都基于一个是模型已经是比较强的情况下,如果模型是比较弱的<br>还需要考虑这个基础的上下文能让模型去理解,这里就有个很大的差异点,需要我们把任务,包括它的背景,上下文,项目的结构,代码逻辑都能够<br>作为prompt和rules等输入给模型,让它能产出质量比较好的交付代码,这个点我理解对使用者本身的要求是比较高的<br>并且需要进行反复的尝试纠错优化,包括结合模型能力,上下文大小等等<br>最终就是不同的人能对模型能力的放大或者缩小作用<br>我前面会用一句话来提出一些需求让大模型去开发<br>这些其实都是一些类似于todo工具这样网上一大堆代码样例,大模型本身可能已经学到过<br>但是如果是一些非常复杂包含很多背景知识和条件框架限制的,很重要的就是要把这些表达清楚<br>有条理,不能再试一句话需求,但也不能赘述太多撑爆上下文<br>再往深入纠缠下就是人如果能把一个复杂度1000的任务,拆解上12个复杂度100的任务,让模型来完成,然后再结合起来跑通这个复杂度1000的任务<br>也就是目前很牛的一个状态了,这里想的深入点跟架构师的能力也是类似的,首先要把这个难的任务做分解,那分解的依据就是架构本身<br>怎么去拆解子模块,子模块本身要完成什么目标,子模块之间要怎么衔接,非常考验人的架构能力<br>说到最后这都有个隐藏的前提,就是模型还未强大到面对各种复杂的任务都只要一句话就能完成<br>如果有那么一天,我理解可能大家都要退休了吧</div><footer class=post-footer><div class=post-eof></div></footer></article></div><nav class=pagination><a class="extend prev" aria-label=上一页 href=/page/2/ rel=prev title=上一页><i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i></a><a class=page-number href=/>1</a><a class=page-number href=/page/2/>2</a><span class="page-number current">3</span><a class=page-number href=/page/4/>4</a><span class=space>…</span><a class=page-number href=/page/78/>78</a><a class="extend next" aria-label=下一页 href=/page/4/ rel=next title=下一页><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></nav></div></main><footer class=footer><div class=footer-inner><div class=beian><a href=https://beian.miit.gov.cn/ rel=noopener target=_blank>浙ICP备16002580号-2 </a><img alt src=/uploads/beian.png><a href=https://beian.mps.gov.cn/#/query/webSearch?code=33010602011094 rel=noopener target=_blank>浙公网安备 33010602011094号</a></div><div class=copyright>© <span itemprop=copyrightYear>2026</span><span class=with-love><i class="fa fa-heart"></i> </span><span class=author itemprop=copyrightHolder>Nicksxs</span></div><div class=busuanzi-count><span class=post-meta-item id=busuanzi_container_site_uv><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="fa fa-user"></i> </span><span class=site-uv title=总访客量><span id=busuanzi_value_site_uv></span> </span></span><span class=post-meta-item id=busuanzi_container_site_pv><span class=post-meta-item-icon><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> </span><span class=site-pv title=总访问量><span id=busuanzi_value_site_pv></span></span></span></div></div></footer><div aria-label=返回顶部 class=back-to-top role=button><i class="fa fa-arrow-up fa-lg"></i><span>0%</span></div><a aria-label="在 GitHub 上关注我" title="在 GitHub 上关注我" class=github-corner href=https://github.com/nicksxs rel=noopener target=_blank><svg viewbox="0 0 250 250" aria-hidden=true height=80 width=80><path d="M0,0 L115,115 L130,115 L142,142 L250,250 L250,0 Z"></path><path d="M128.3,109.0 C113.8,99.7 119.0,89.6 119.0,89.6 C122.0,82.7 120.5,78.6 120.5,78.6 C119.2,72.0 123.4,76.3 123.4,76.3 C127.3,80.9 125.5,87.3 125.5,87.3 C122.9,97.6 130.6,101.9 134.4,103.2" style="transform-origin:130px 106px" class=octo-arm fill=currentColor></path><path d="M115.0,115.0 C114.9,115.1 118.7,116.5 119.8,115.4 L133.7,101.6 C136.9,99.2 139.9,98.4 142.2,98.6 C133.8,88.0 127.5,74.4 143.8,58.0 C148.5,53.4 154.0,51.2 159.7,51.0 C160.3,49.4 163.2,43.6 171.4,40.1 C171.4,40.1 176.1,42.5 178.8,56.2 C183.1,58.6 187.2,61.8 190.9,65.4 C194.5,69.0 197.7,73.2 200.1,77.6 C213.8,80.2 216.3,84.9 216.3,84.9 C212.7,93.1 206.9,96.0 205.4,96.6 C205.1,102.4 203.0,107.8 198.3,112.5 C181.9,128.9 168.3,122.5 157.7,114.1 C157.9,116.9 156.7,120.9 152.7,124.9 L141.0,136.5 C139.8,137.7 141.6,141.9 141.8,141.8 Z" class=octo-body fill=currentColor></path></svg></a><noscript><div class=noscript-warning>Theme NexT works best with JavaScript enabled</div></noscript><script crossorigin=anonymous integrity=sha256-XL2inqUJaslATFnHdJOi9GfQ60on8Wx1C2H8DYiN1xY= src=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animejs/3.2.1/anime.min.js></script><script crossorigin=anonymous integrity=sha256-ytMJGN3toR+a84u7g7NuHm91VIR06Q41kMWDr2pq7Zo= src=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fancyapps-ui/5.0.28/fancybox/fancybox.umd.js></script><script crossorigin=anonymous integrity=sha256-mOFREFhqmHeQbXpK2lp4nA3qooVgACfh88fpJftLBbc= src=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lozad.js/1.16.0/lozad.min.js></script><script src=/js/comments.js></script><script src=/js/utils.js></script><script src=/js/motion.js></script><script src=/js/next-boot.js></script><script crossorigin=anonymous integrity=sha256-DABVk+hYj0mdUzo+7ViJC6cwLahQIejFvC+my2M/wfM= src=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/algoliasearch/4.20.0/algoliasearch-lite.umd.js></script><script crossorigin=anonymous integrity=sha256-9242vN47QUX50UG5Gf5XDO1YREWCEJRyXHofh5fsl24= src=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/instantsearch.js/4.60.0/instantsearch.production.min.js></script><script src=/js/third-party/search/algolia-search.js></script><script src=/js/third-party/fancybox.js></script><script async src=https://busuanzi.ibruce.info/busuanzi/2.3/busuanzi.pure.mini.js></script><script crossorigin=anonymous integrity=sha256-yvJQOINiH9fWemHn0vCA5lsHWJaHs6/ZmO+1Ft04SvM= src=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/quicklink/2.3.0/quicklink.umd.js></script><script class=next-config data-name=quicklink type=application/json>{"enable":false,"home":false,"archive":false,"delay":true,"timeout":3000,"priority":true,"url":"https://nicksxs.me/page/3/"}</script><script src=/js/third-party/quicklink.js></script><script data-cloudflare-page-counter-config type=application/json>{"enable":true,"endpoint":"https://counter.nicksxs.me","site":"nicksxs","local_cache":true,"timeout":5000,"icon":"far fa-eye","item_text":true}</script><script src=/js/cloudflare-page-counter.js></script><script class=next-config data-name=disqus type=application/json>{"enable":true,"shortname":"nicksxs","count":true,"i18n":{"disqus":"disqus"}}</script><script src=/js/third-party/comments/disqus.js></script>