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${ item.name }
Create branch ${ searchTerm }
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${ noResults }
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"><meta name="theme-color" content="#222"><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.2.0"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" crossorigin><link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com" crossorigin><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/images/apple-touch-icon-next.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/images/favicon-32x32-next.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/images/favicon-16x16-next.png"><link rel="mask-icon" href="/images/logo.svg" color="#222"><meta name="google-site-verification" content="2X6S9P7CAjXjVvw8YyQR8pCu-B0oEu7O9quLgxXuWyA"><meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="dV8JGNzi0c"><script>setTimeout(function(){var 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src="/js/config.js"></script><meta name="description" content="learn from zero,技术博客，Nicksxs，史学森"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:title" content="Nicksxs&#39;s Blog"><meta property="og:url" content="https://nicksxs.me/page/25/index.html"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Nicksxs&#39;s Blog"><meta property="og:description" content="learn from zero,技术博客，Nicksxs，史学森"><meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN"><meta property="article:author" content="Nicksxs"><meta property="article:tag" content="Nicksxs,史学森,米方方,米方方的男朋友,森哥"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><link rel="canonical" href="https://nicksxs.me/page/25/"><script class="next-config" data-name="page" type="application/json">{"sidebar":"","isHome":true,"isPost":false,"lang":"zh-CN","comments":"","permalink":"","path":"page/25/index.html","title":""}</script><script class="next-config" data-name="calendar" type="application/json">""</script><title>Nicksxs's Blog - What hurts more, the pain of hard work or the pain of regret?</title><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-61358619-1"></script><script class="next-config" data-name="google_analytics" type="application/json">{"tracking_id":"UA-61358619-1","only_pageview":false}</script><script src="/js/third-party/analytics/google-analytics.js"></script><script src="/js/third-party/analytics/baidu-analytics.js"></script><script async src="https://hm.baidu.com/hm.js?20f33b3c0c0eff9b1522999c0015646d"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/noscript.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate" href="/atom.xml" title="Nicksxs's Blog" type="application/atom+xml"></head><body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><div class="headband"></div><main class="main"><header class="header" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader"><div class="header-inner"><div class="site-brand-container"><div class="site-nav-toggle"><div class="toggle" aria-label="切换导航栏" role="button"><span class="toggle-line"></span> <span class="toggle-line"></span> <span class="toggle-line"></span></div></div><div class="site-meta"><a href="/" class="brand" rel="start"><i class="logo-line"></i><h1 class="site-title">Nicksxs's Blog</h1><i class="logo-line"></i></a><p class="site-subtitle" itemprop="description">What hurts more, the pain of hard work or the pain of regret?</p></div><div class="site-nav-right"><div class="toggle popup-trigger"><i class="fa fa-search fa-fw fa-lg"></i></div></div></div><nav class="site-nav"><ul class="main-menu menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-home"><a href="/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-home fa-fw"></i>首页</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-about"><a href="/about/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-user fa-fw"></i>关于</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-tags"><a href="/tags/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-tags fa-fw"></i>标签</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-categories"><a href="/categories/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-th fa-fw"></i>分类</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-archives"><a href="/archives/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-archive fa-fw"></i>归档</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-top"><a href="/top/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-th fa-fw"></i>热度</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-sitemap"><a href="/sitemap.xml" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-fw"></i>站点地图</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-commonweal"><a href="/404/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-heartbeat fa-fw"></i>公益 404</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-search"><a role="button" class="popup-trigger"><i class="fa fa-search fa-fw"></i>搜索</a></li></ul></nav><div class="search-pop-overlay"><div class="popup search-popup"><div class="search-header"><span class="search-icon"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></span><div class="search-input-container"><input autocomplete="off" autocapitalize="off" maxlength="80" placeholder="搜索..." spellcheck="false" type="search" class="search-input"></div><span class="popup-btn-close" role="button"><i class="fa fa-times-circle"></i></span></div><div class="search-result-container no-result"><div class="search-result-icon"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-5x"></i></div></div></div></div></div><div class="toggle sidebar-toggle" role="button"><span class="toggle-line"></span> <span class="toggle-line"></span> <span class="toggle-line"></span></div><aside class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-inner sidebar-overview-active"><ul class="sidebar-nav"><li class="sidebar-nav-toc">文章目录</li><li class="sidebar-nav-overview">站点概览</li></ul><div class="sidebar-panel-container"><div class="post-toc-wrap sidebar-panel"></div><div class="site-overview-wrap sidebar-panel"><div class="site-author site-overview-item animated" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><img class="site-author-image" itemprop="image" alt="Nicksxs" src="/uploads/avatar.jpg"><p class="site-author-name" itemprop="name">Nicksxs</p><div class="site-description" itemprop="description">learn from zero,技术博客，Nicksxs，史学森</div></div><div class="site-state-wrap site-overview-item animated"><nav class="site-state"><div class="site-state-item site-state-posts"><a href="/archives/"><span class="site-state-item-count">174</span> <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span></a></div><div class="site-state-item site-state-categories"><a href="/categories/"><span class="site-state-item-count">148</span> <span class="site-state-item-name">分类</span></a></div><div class="site-state-item site-state-tags"><a href="/tags/"><span class="site-state-item-count">283</span> <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a></div></nav></div><div class="links-of-author site-overview-item animated"><span class="links-of-author-item"><a href="https://github.com/nicksxs" title="GitHub → https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;nicksxs" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-github fa-fw"></i>GitHub</a> </span><span class="links-of-author-item"><a href="mailto:nicksxs1202@gmail.com" title="E-Mail → 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class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/ThreadPool/" rel="tag">ThreadPool</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/Tomcat/" rel="tag">Tomcat</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/Trapping-Rain-Water/" rel="tag">Trapping Rain Water</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/WeakReference/" rel="tag">WeakReference</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/Web/" rel="tag">Web</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/Webhook/" rel="tag">Webhook</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/WordPress/" rel="tag">WordPress</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/aqs/" rel="tag">aqs</a><span class="tag-list-count">3</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/await/" rel="tag">await</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/bloom-filter/" rel="tag">bloom filter</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/c/" rel="tag">c++</a><span class="tag-list-count">14</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/cglib/" rel="tag">cglib</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/cgroup/" rel="tag">cgroup</a><span class="tag-list-count">2</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/cluster/" rel="tag">cluster</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/condition/" rel="tag">condition</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/docker/" rel="tag">docker</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/dp/" rel="tag">dp</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/echo/" rel="tag">echo</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/environment/" rel="tag">environment</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/gap-lock/" rel="tag">gap lock</a><span class="tag-list-count">2</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/gc/" rel="tag">gc</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/git/" rel="tag">git</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/grep/" rel="tag">grep</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/hadoop/" rel="tag">hadoop</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/icu4c/" rel="tag">icu4c</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/im/" rel="tag">im</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/is-not-null/" rel="tag">is not null</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/is-null/" rel="tag">is null</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/j-u-c/" rel="tag">j.u.c</a><span class="tag-list-count">2</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/java/" rel="tag">java</a><span class="tag-list-count">31</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/jvm/" rel="tag">jvm</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/leetcode/" rel="tag">leetcode</a><span class="tag-list-count">38</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/leetcode-155/" rel="tag">leetcode 155</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/linked-list/" rel="tag">linked list</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/linux/" rel="tag">linux</a><span class="tag-list-count">3</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/lock/" rel="tag">lock</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/mfc/" rel="tag">mfc</a><span class="tag-list-count">2</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/min-stack/" rel="tag">min stack</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/mq/" rel="tag">mq</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/mvcc/" rel="tag">mvcc</a><span class="tag-list-count">3</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/mysql/" rel="tag">mysql</a><span class="tag-list-count">6</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/namespace/" rel="tag">namespace</a><span class="tag-list-count">3</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/next-key-lock/" rel="tag">next-key lock</a><span class="tag-list-count">2</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/nginx/" rel="tag">nginx</a><span class="tag-list-count">3</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/nullsfirst/" rel="tag">nullsfirst</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/openresty/" rel="tag">openresty</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/php/" rel="tag">php</a><span class="tag-list-count">2</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/procedure/" rel="tag">procedure</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/python/" rel="tag">python</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/read-view/" rel="tag">read view</a><span class="tag-list-count">3</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/redis/" rel="tag">redis</a><span class="tag-list-count">11</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/scp/" rel="tag">scp</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/signal/" rel="tag">signal</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/sort/" rel="tag">sort</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/spark/" rel="tag">spark</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/ssh/" rel="tag">ssh</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/stack/" rel="tag">stack</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/stream/" rel="tag">stream</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/string/" rel="tag">string</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/swoole/" rel="tag">swoole</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/top/" rel="tag">top</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/uname/" rel="tag">uname</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/unlock/" rel="tag">unlock</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/utf8/" rel="tag">utf8</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/utf8mb4/" rel="tag">utf8mb4</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/utf8mb4-0900-ai-ci/" rel="tag">utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/utf8mb4-general-ci/" rel="tag">utf8mb4_general_ci</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/utf8mb4-unicode-ci/" rel="tag">utf8mb4_unicode_ci</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/value/" rel="tag">value</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/websocket/" rel="tag">websocket</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/zookeeper/" rel="tag">zookeeper</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/zsh/" rel="tag">zsh</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E4%B8%89%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%A4/" rel="tag">三阶段提交</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%98%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8/" rel="tag">不可变引用</a><span class="tag-list-count">2</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC%E5%A5%A5%E8%BF%90%E4%BC%9A/" rel="tag">东京奥运会</a><span class="tag-list-count">2</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E4%B8%A4%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%A4/" rel="tag">两阶段提交</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E8%B7%AF/" rel="tag">中山路</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BA%8F/" rel="tag">中序</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6/" rel="tag">中间件</a><span class="tag-list-count">4</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E4%B8%BE%E9%87%8D/" rel="tag">举重</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E4%B9%92%E4%B9%93%E7%90%83/" rel="tag">乒乓球</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1/" rel="tag">事务</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%89%E6%A0%91/" rel="tag">二叉树</a><span class="tag-list-count">3</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E4%BA%92%E6%96%A5%E9%94%81/" rel="tag">互斥锁</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E9%A2%98%E8%A7%A3/" rel="tag">代码题解</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E4%BF%AE%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E7%9A%84/" rel="tag">修电脑的</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%81%8F%E5%90%91%E9%94%81/" rel="tag">偏向锁</a><span class="tag-list-count">2</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E7%A0%81/" rel="tag">健康码</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%85%AC%E4%BA%A4/" rel="tag">公交</a><span class="tag-list-count">3</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%85%AC%E4%BA%A4%E8%BD%A6/" rel="tag">公交车</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83/" rel="tag">内存分布</a><span class="tag-list-count">3</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E6%B3%84%E6%BC%8F/" rel="tag">内存泄漏</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87/" rel="tag">准备</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%87%8F%E8%82%A5/" rel="tag">减肥</a><span class="tag-list-count">6</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1/" rel="tag">分布式事务</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E9%94%81/" rel="tag">分布式锁</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%88%87%E7%89%87/" rel="tag">切片</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96/" rel="tag">初始化</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%89%8A%E5%B3%B0%E5%A1%AB%E8%B0%B7/" rel="tag">削峰填谷</a><span class="tag-list-count">4</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%89%8D%E5%BA%8F/" rel="tag">前序</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%8A%A0%E5%A1%9E/" rel="tag">加塞</a><span class="tag-list-count">3</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD/" rel="tag">加载</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%8D%95%E4%BE%8B/" rel="tag">单例</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2%EF%BC%8C%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/" rel="tag">博客，文章</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8/" rel="tag">厦门</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%8F%8C%E4%BA%B2%E5%A7%94%E6%B4%BE/" rel="tag">双亲委派</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%8C%E7%89%88/" rel="tag">发行版</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%8F%A3%E7%BD%A9/" rel="tag">口罩</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%98%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8/" rel="tag">可变引用</a><span class="tag-list-count">2</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%90%90%E6%A7%BD/" rel="tag">吐槽</a><span class="tag-list-count">2</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%9B%A4%E7%89%A9%E8%B5%84/" rel="tag">囤物资</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6/" rel="tag">垃圾回收</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD/" rel="tag">基础设施</a><span class="tag-list-count">2</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%A4%A7%E6%89%AB%E9%99%A4/" rel="tag">大扫除</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E9%9B%86/" rel="tag">字符集</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/" rel="tag">安全</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%AE%B9%E9%94%99%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6/" rel="tag">容错机制</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E8%99%AB/" rel="tag">寄生虫</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%B0%84%E5%87%BB/" rel="tag">射击</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%B0%8F%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7/" rel="tag">小技巧</a><span class="tag-list-count">5</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%A3%E8%A1%97/" rel="tag">局口街</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E8%BF%87%E6%BB%A4%E5%99%A8/" rel="tag">布隆过滤器</a><span class="tag-list-count">1</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%B9%B2%E6%B4%BB/" rel="tag">干活</a><span class="tag-list-count">5</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a class="tag-list-link" href="/tags/%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" rel="tag">年中总结</a><span class="tag-list-count">2</span></li><li class="tag-list-item"><a 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content="undefined | Nicksxs's Blog"><meta itemprop="description" content=""></span><header class="post-header"><h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/2020/06/13/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1-brew-update-%E5%BC%95%E5%8F%91%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%80%E6%A1%88/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">聊聊一次 brew update 引发的血案</a></h2><div class="post-meta-container"><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建时间：2020-06-13 22:28:56" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2020-06-13T22:28:56+08:00">2020-06-13</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2022-04-02 15:57:06" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2022-04-02T15:57:06+08:00">2022-04-02</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-folder"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span> <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Mac/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">Mac</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Mac/PHP/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">PHP</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Mac/Homebrew/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">Homebrew</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/PHP/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">PHP</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/PHP/icu4c/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">icu4c</span></a> </span></span><span id="/2020/06/13/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1-brew-update-%E5%BC%95%E5%8F%91%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%80%E6%A1%88/" class="post-meta-item leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="聊聊一次 brew update 引发的血案" title="阅读次数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span> <span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-comment"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">Disqus：</span> <a title="disqus" href="/2020/06/13/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1-brew-update-%E5%BC%95%E5%8F%91%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%80%E6%A1%88/#disqus_thread" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="post-comments-count disqus-comment-count" data-disqus-identifier="2020/06/13/聊聊一次-brew-update-引发的血案/" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a></span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>熟悉我的人（谁熟悉你啊🙄）知道我以前写过 PHP，虽然现在在工作中没用到了，但是自己的一些小工具还是会用 PHP 来写，但是在 Mac 碰到了一个环境相关的问题，因为我也是个更新狂魔，用了 brew 之后因为 gfw 的原因，如果长时间不更新，有时候要装一个用它装一个软件的话，前置的更新耗时就会让人非常头大，所以我基本会隔天 update 一下，但是这样会带来一个很心烦的问题，就是像这样，因为我是要用一个固定版本的 PHP，如果一直升需要一直配扩展啥的也很麻烦，如果一直升级 PHP 到最新版可能会比较少碰到这个问题</p><pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">dyld: Library not loaded: /usr/local/opt/icu4c/lib/libicui18n.64.dylib<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre><p>这是什么鬼啊，然后我去这个目录下看了下，已经都是libicui18n.67.dylib了，而且它没有把原来的版本保留下来，首先这个是个叫 icu4c是啥玩意，谷歌了一下</p><blockquote><p>ICU4C是ICU在C&#x2F;C++平台下的版本, ICU(International Component for Unicode)是基于”IBM公共许可证”的，与开源组织合作研究的, 用于支持软件国际化的开源项目。ICU4C提供了C&#x2F;C++平台强大的国际化开发能力，软件开发者几乎可以使用ICU4C解决任何国际化的问题，根据各地的风俗和语言习惯，实现对数字、货币、时间、日期、和消息的格式化、解析，对字符串进行大小写转换、整理、搜索和排序等功能，必须一提的是，ICU4C提供了强大的BIDI算法，对阿拉伯语等BIDI语言提供了完善的支持。</p></blockquote><p>然后首先想到的解决方案就是能不能我使用<code>brew install icu4c@64</code>来重装下原来的版本，发现不行，并木有，之前的做法就只能是去网上把 64 的下载下来，然后放到这个目录，比较麻烦不智能，虽然没抱着希望在谷歌着，不过这次竟然给我找到了一个我认为非常 nice 的解决方案，因为是在 Stack Overflow 找到的，本着写给像我这样的小小白看的，那就稍微翻译一下<br>第一步，我们到 brew的目录下</p><pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> <span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span>brew --prefix<span class="token variable">)</span></span>/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core/Formula<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre><p>这个可以理解为是 maven 的 pom 文件，不过有很多不同之处，使用ruby 写的，然后一个文件对应一个组件或者软件，那我们看下有个叫icu4c.rb的文件，<br>第二步看看它的提交历史</p><pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">git</span> log --follow icu4c.rb<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre><p>在 git log 的海洋中寻找，寻找它的(64版本)的身影<br><img data-src="https://mystore-1255223546.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/uPic/YzS7vN.png"><br>第三步注意这三个红框，Stack Overflow 给出来的答案这一步是找到这个 commit id 直接切出一个新分支</p><pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">git</span> checkout -b icu4c-63 e7f0f10dc63b1dc1061d475f1a61d01b70ef2cb7<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre><p>其实注意 commit id 旁边的红框，这个是有tag 的，可以直接</p><pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">git</span> checkout icu4c-64<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre><p>PS: 因为我的问题是出在 64 的问题，Stack Overflow 回答的是 63 的，反正是一样的解决方法<br>第四部，切回去之后我们就可以用 brew 提供的基于文件的安装命令来重新装上 64 版本</p><pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">brew reinstall ./icu4c.rb<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre><p>然后就是第五步，切换版本</p><pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">brew switch icu4c <span class="token number">64.2</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre><p>最后把分支切回来</p><pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">git</span> checkout master<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre><p>是不是感觉很厉害的解决方法，大佬还提供了一个更牛的，直接写个 zsh 方法</p><pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token comment"># zsh</span>
<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function-name function">hiicu64</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token builtin class-name">local</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">last_dir</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span><span class="token builtin class-name">pwd</span><span class="token variable">)</span></span>
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> <span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span>brew --prefix<span class="token variable">)</span></span>/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core/Formula
<span class="token function">git</span> checkout icu4c-4
brew reinstall ./icu4c.rb
brew switch icu4c <span class="token number">64.2</span>
<span class="token function">git</span> checkout master
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> <span class="token variable">$last_dir</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre><p>对应自己的版本改改版本号就可以了，非常好用。</p></div><footer class="post-footer"><div class="post-eof"></div></footer></article></div><div class="post-block"><article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post-content"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://nicksxs.me/2020/06/06/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A-Dubbo-%E7%9A%84-SPI-%E7%BB%AD%E4%B9%8B%E8%87%AA%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E6%8B%93%E5%B1%95/"><span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="image" content="/uploads/avatar.jpg"><meta itemprop="name" content="Nicksxs"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Nicksxs's Blog"><meta itemprop="description" content="learn from zero,技术博客，Nicksxs，史学森"></span><span hidden itemprop="post" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><meta itemprop="name" content="undefined | Nicksxs's Blog"><meta itemprop="description" content=""></span><header class="post-header"><h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/2020/06/06/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A-Dubbo-%E7%9A%84-SPI-%E7%BB%AD%E4%B9%8B%E8%87%AA%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E6%8B%93%E5%B1%95/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">聊聊 Dubbo 的 SPI 续之自适应拓展</a></h2><div class="post-meta-container"><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建时间：2020-06-06 22:39:38" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2020-06-06T22:39:38+08:00">2020-06-06</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2022-04-02 15:57:49" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2022-04-02T15:57:49+08:00">2022-04-02</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-folder"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span> <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Java/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">Java</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Java/Dubbo/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">Dubbo</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Java/Dubbo/RPC/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">RPC</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Dubbo/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">Dubbo</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Java/Dubbo/RPC/SPI/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">SPI</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Dubbo/SPI/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">SPI</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Dubbo/SPI/Adaptive/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">Adaptive</span></a> </span></span><span id="/2020/06/06/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A-Dubbo-%E7%9A%84-SPI-%E7%BB%AD%E4%B9%8B%E8%87%AA%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E6%8B%93%E5%B1%95/" class="post-meta-item leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="聊聊 Dubbo 的 SPI 续之自适应拓展" title="阅读次数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span> <span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-comment"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">Disqus：</span> <a title="disqus" href="/2020/06/06/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A-Dubbo-%E7%9A%84-SPI-%E7%BB%AD%E4%B9%8B%E8%87%AA%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E6%8B%93%E5%B1%95/#disqus_thread" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="post-comments-count disqus-comment-count" data-disqus-identifier="2020/06/06/聊聊-Dubbo-的-SPI-续之自适应拓展/" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a></span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><h2 id="Adaptive"><a href="#Adaptive" class="headerlink" title="Adaptive"></a>Adaptive</h2><p>这个应该是 Dubbo SPI 里最玄妙的东西了，一开始没懂，自适应扩展点加载，<br><code>dubbo://123.123.123.123:1234/com.nicksxs.demo.service.HelloWorldService?anyhost=true&amp;application=demo&amp;default.loadbalance=random&amp;default.service.filter=LoggerFilter&amp;dubbo=2.5.3&amp;interface=com.nicksxs.demo.service.HelloWorldService&amp;logger=slf4j&amp;methods=method1,method2,method3,method4&amp;pid=4292&amp;retries=0&amp;side=provider&amp;threadpool=fixed&amp;threads=200&amp;timeout=2000&amp;timestamp=1590647155886</code><br>那我从比较能理解的角度或者说思路去讲讲我的理解，因为直接将原理如果脱离了使用，对于我这样的理解能力比较差的可能会比较吃力，从使用场景开始讲可能会比较舒服了，这里可以看到参数里有蛮多的，举个例子，比如这个 <code>threadpool = fixed</code>，说明线程池使用的是 fixed 对应的实现，也就是下图的这个<br><img data-src="https://mystore-1255223546.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/uPic/4AAOaW.png"><br>这样子似乎没啥问题了，反正就是用dubbo 的 spi 加载嘛，好像没啥问题，其实问题还是存在的，或者说不太优雅，比如要先判断我这个 fixed 对应的实现类是哪个，这里可能就有个 if-else 判断了，但是 dubbo 的开发人员似乎不太想这么做这个事情，</p><p>譬如我们在引用一个服务时，在ReferenceConfig 中的</p><pre class="line-numbers language-Java" data-language="Java"><code class="language-Java">private static final Protocol refprotocol &#x3D; ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Protocol.class).getAdaptiveExtension();<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre><p>就获取了自适应拓展，</p><pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">T</span> <span class="token function">getAdaptiveExtension</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Object</span> instance <span class="token operator">=</span> cachedAdaptiveInstance<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>instance <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAdaptiveInstanceError <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">synchronized</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>cachedAdaptiveInstance<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
instance <span class="token operator">=</span> cachedAdaptiveInstance<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>instance <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
instance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createAdaptiveExtension</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cachedAdaptiveInstance<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instance<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Throwable</span> t<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
createAdaptiveInstanceError <span class="token operator">=</span> t<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalStateException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"fail to create adaptive instance: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> t<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> t<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalStateException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"fail to create adaptive instance: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> createAdaptiveInstanceError<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAdaptiveInstanceError<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> instance<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre><p>这里也使用了 DCL，来锁cachedAdaptiveInstance，当缓存中没有时就去创建自适应拓展</p><pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">T</span> <span class="token function">createAdaptiveExtension</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 获取自适应拓展类然后实例化</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">injectExtension</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">getAdaptiveExtensionClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">newInstance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalStateException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Can not create adaptive extension "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> type <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">", cause: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">Class</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token function">getAdaptiveExtensionClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 这里会获取拓展类，如果没有自适应的拓展类，那么就需要调用createAdaptiveExtensionClass</span>
<span class="token function">getExtensionClasses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>cachedAdaptiveClass <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> cachedAdaptiveClass<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> cachedAdaptiveClass <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createAdaptiveExtensionClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">Class</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token function">createAdaptiveExtensionClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 这里去生成了自适应拓展的代码，具体生成逻辑比较复杂先不展开讲</span>
<span class="token class-name">String</span> code <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createAdaptiveExtensionClassCode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">ClassLoader</span> classLoader <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">findClassLoader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>common<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compiler<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>Compiler</span> compiler <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ExtensionLoader</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getExtensionLoader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>common<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compiler<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>Compiler</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAdaptiveExtension</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> compiler<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">compile</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>code<span class="token punctuation">,</span> classLoader<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre><p>生成的代码像这样</p><pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">package</span> <span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token import"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>common<span class="token punctuation">.</span>extension<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span><span class="token class-name">ExtensionLoader</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Protocol</span>$<span class="token class-name">Adaptive</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>Protocol</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">destroy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">UnsupportedOperationException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"method public abstract void com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol.destroy() of interface com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol is not adaptive method!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getDefaultPort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">UnsupportedOperationException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"method public abstract int com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol.getDefaultPort() of interface com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol is not adaptive method!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>Exporter</span> <span class="token function">export</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>Invoker</span> arg0<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>RpcException</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>arg0 <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Invoker argument == null"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>arg0<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Invoker argument getUrl() == null"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>common<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>URL</span> url <span class="token operator">=</span> arg0<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">String</span> extName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProtocol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">"dubbo"</span>
<span class="token operator">:</span> url<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProtocol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>extName <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalStateException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"Fail to get extension(com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol) name from url("</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
url<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">") use keys([protocol])"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>Protocol</span> extension <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>Protocol</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token class-name">ExtensionLoader</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getExtensionLoader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>Protocol</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getExtension</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>extName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> extension<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">export</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arg0<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>Invoker</span> <span class="token function">refer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lang<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>Class</span> arg0<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>common<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>URL</span> arg1<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>RpcException</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>arg1 <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"url == null"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>common<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>URL</span> url <span class="token operator">=</span> arg1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 其实前面所说的逻辑就在这里呈现了</span>
<span class="token class-name">String</span> extName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProtocol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">"dubbo"</span>
<span class="token operator">:</span> url<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProtocol</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>extName <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalStateException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"Fail to get extension(com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol) name from url("</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
url<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">") use keys([protocol])"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 在这就是实际的通过dubbo 的 spi 去加载实际对应的扩展</span>
<span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>Protocol</span> extension <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>Protocol</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token class-name">ExtensionLoader</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getExtensionLoader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token namespace">com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>alibaba<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dubbo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span>Protocol</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getExtension</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>extName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> extension<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">refer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arg0<span class="token punctuation">,</span> arg1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></div><footer class="post-footer"><div class="post-eof"></div></footer></article></div><div class="post-block"><article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post-content"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://nicksxs.me/2020/05/31/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A-Dubbo-%E7%9A%84-SPI/"><span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="image" content="/uploads/avatar.jpg"><meta itemprop="name" content="Nicksxs"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Nicksxs's Blog"><meta itemprop="description" content="learn from zero,技术博客，Nicksxs，史学森"></span><span hidden itemprop="post" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><meta itemprop="name" content="undefined | Nicksxs's Blog"><meta itemprop="description" content=""></span><header class="post-header"><h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/2020/05/31/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A-Dubbo-%E7%9A%84-SPI/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">聊聊 Dubbo 的 SPI</a></h2><div class="post-meta-container"><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建时间：2020-05-31 21:06:13" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2020-05-31T21:06:13+08:00">2020-05-31</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2022-04-02 15:57:28" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2022-04-02T15:57:28+08:00">2022-04-02</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-folder"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span> <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Java/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">Java</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Java/Dubbo/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">Dubbo</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Java/Dubbo/RPC/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">RPC</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Dubbo/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">Dubbo</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Java/Dubbo/RPC/SPI/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">SPI</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Dubbo/SPI/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">SPI</span></a> </span></span><span id="/2020/05/31/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A-Dubbo-%E7%9A%84-SPI/" class="post-meta-item leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="聊聊 Dubbo 的 SPI" title="阅读次数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span> <span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-comment"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">Disqus：</span> <a title="disqus" href="/2020/05/31/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A-Dubbo-%E7%9A%84-SPI/#disqus_thread" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="post-comments-count disqus-comment-count" data-disqus-identifier="2020/05/31/聊聊-Dubbo-的-SPI/" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a></span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>SPI全称是Service Provider Interface，咋眼看跟api是不是有点相似，api是application interface，这两个其实在某些方面有类似的地方，也有蛮大的区别，比如我们基于 dubbo 的微服务，一般我们可以提供服务，然后非泛化调用的话，我们可以把 api 包提供给应用调用方，他们根据接口签名传对应参数并配置好对应的服务发现如 zk 等就可以调用我们的服务了，然后 spi 会有点类似但是是反过来的关系，相当于是一种规范，比如我约定完成这个功能需要两个有两个接口，一个是连接的，一个是断开的，其实就可以用 jdbc 的驱动举例，比较老套了，然后各个厂家去做具体的实现吧，到时候根据我接口的全限定名的文件来加载实际的实现类，然后运行的时候调用对应实现类的方法就完了</p><p><img data-src="https://mystore-1255223546.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/uPic/3sKdpg.png" alt="3sKdpg"></p><p>看上面的图，<code>java.sql.Driver</code>就是 spi，对应在classpath 的 META-INF&#x2F;services 目录下的这个文件，里边的内容就是具体的实现类</p><p><img data-src="https://mystore-1255223546.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/uPic/1590735097909.jpg" alt="1590735097909"></p><p>简单介绍了 Java的 SPI，再来说说 dubbo 的，dubbo 中为啥要用 SPI 呢，主要是为了框架的可扩展性和性能方面的考虑，比如协议层 dubbo 默认使用 dubbo 协议，同时也支持很多其他协议，也支持用户自己实现协议，那么跟 Java 的 SPI 会有什么区别呢，我们也来看个文件</p><p><img data-src="https://mystore-1255223546.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/uPic/bqxWMp.png" alt="bqxWMp"></p><p>是不是看着很想，又有点不一样，在 Java 的 SPI 配置文件里每一行只有一个实现类的全限定名，在 Dubbo的 SPI配置文件中是 key&#x3D;value 的形式，我们只需要对应的 key 就能加载对应的实现，</p><pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment">/**
* 返回指定名字的扩展。如果指定名字的扩展不存在，则抛异常 &#123;@link IllegalStateException&#125;.
*
* @param name
* @return
*/</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@SuppressWarnings</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"unchecked"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">T</span> <span class="token function">getExtension</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span> name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>name <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> name<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">length</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Extension name == null"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"true"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">equals</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">getDefaultExtension</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Holder</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Object</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> holder <span class="token operator">=</span> cachedInstances<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>holder <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
cachedInstances<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">putIfAbsent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Holder</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Object</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
holder <span class="token operator">=</span> cachedInstances<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Object</span> instance <span class="token operator">=</span> holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>instance <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">synchronized</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>holder<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
instance <span class="token operator">=</span> holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>instance <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
instance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createExtension</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instance<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> instance<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre><p>这里其实就可以看出来第二个不同点了，就是这个<code>cachedInstances</code>，第一个是不用像 Java 原生的 SPI 那样去遍历加载对应的服务类，只需要通过 key 去寻找，并且寻找的时候会先从缓存的对象里去取，还有就是注意下这里的 DCL(double check lock)</p><pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@SuppressWarnings</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"unchecked"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">T</span> <span class="token function">createExtension</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span> name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Class</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> clazz <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getExtensionClasses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>clazz <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token function">findException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token class-name">T</span> instance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> EXTENSION_INSTANCES<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>clazz<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>instance <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
EXTENSION_INSTANCES<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">putIfAbsent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>clazz<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> clazz<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">newInstance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
instance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> EXTENSION_INSTANCES<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>clazz<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token function">injectExtension</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instance<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Set</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token class-name">Class</span><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> wrapperClasses <span class="token operator">=</span> cachedWrapperClasses<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapperClasses <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> wrapperClasses<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Class</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> wrapperClass <span class="token operator">:</span> wrapperClasses<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
instance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">injectExtension</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> wrapperClass<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getConstructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>type<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">newInstance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instance<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> instance<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Throwable</span> t<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">IllegalStateException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Extension instance(name: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> name <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">", class: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
type <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">") could not be instantiated: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> t<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> t<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre><p>然后就是创建扩展了，这里如果 wrapperClasses 就会遍历生成wrapper实例，并做 setter 依赖注入，但是这里cachedWrapperClasses的来源还是有点搞不清楚，得再看下 com.alibaba.dubbo.common.extension.ExtensionLoader#loadFile的具体逻辑<br>又看了遍新的代码，这个函数被抽出来了</p><pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment">/**
* test if clazz is a wrapper class
* &lt;p>
* which has Constructor with given class type as its only argument
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">isWrapperClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Class</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> clazz<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
clazz<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getConstructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>type<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">NoSuchMethodException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre><p>是否是 wrapperClass 其实就看构造函数的。</p></div><footer class="post-footer"><div class="post-eof"></div></footer></article></div><div class="post-block"><article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post-content"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://nicksxs.me/2020/05/22/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A%E6%88%91%E5%88%9A%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/"><span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="image" content="/uploads/avatar.jpg"><meta itemprop="name" content="Nicksxs"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Nicksxs's 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</span><span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2020-05-24 21:51:43" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2020-05-24T21:51:43+08:00">2020-05-24</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-folder"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span> <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Java/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">Java</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/Thread-dump/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">Thread dump</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">问题排查</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/" 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class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>因为传说中的出身问题，我以前写的是PHP，在使用 swoole 之前，基本的应用调试手段就是简单粗暴的 var_dump，exit，对于单进程模型的 PHP 也是简单有效，技术栈换成 Java 之后，就变得没那么容易，一方面是需要编译，另一方面是一般都是基于 spring 的项目，如果问题定位比较模糊，那框架层的是很难靠简单的 System.out.println 或者打 log 解决，(PS：我觉得可能我写的东西比较适合从 PHP 这种弱类型语言转到 Java 的小白同学)这个时候一方面因为是 Java，有了非常好用的 idea IDE 的支持，可以各种花式调试，条件断点尤其牛叉，但是又因为有 Spring+Java 的双重原因，有些情况下单步调试可以把手按废掉，这也是我之前一直比较困惑苦逼的点，后来随着慢慢精（jiang）进（you）之后，比如对于一个 oom 的情况，我们可以通过启动参数加上-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:HeapDumpPath&#x3D;xx&#x2F;xx 来配置溢出时的堆dump 日志，获取到这个文件后，我们可以通过像 Memory Analyzer (MAT)[<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.eclipse.org/mat/]">https://www.eclipse.org/mat/]</a> (The Eclipse Memory Analyzer is a fast and feature-rich Java heap analyzer that helps you find memory leaks and reduce memory consumption.)来查看诊断问题所在，之前用到的时候是因为有个死循环一直往链表里塞数据，属于比较简单的，后来一次是由于运维进行应用迁移时按默认的统一配置了堆内存大小，导致内存的确不够用，所以溢出了，<br>今天想说的其实主要是我们的 thread dump，这也是我最近才真正用的一个方法，可能真的很小白了，用过 ide 的单步调试其实都知道会有一个一层层的玩意，比如函数从 A，调用了 B，再从 B 调用了 C，一直往下(因为是 Java，所以还有很多🤦‍♂️)，这个其实也是大部分语言的调用模型，利用了栈这个数据结构，通过这个结构我们可以知道代码的调用链路，由于对于一个 spring 应用，在本身框架代码量非常庞大的情况下，外加如果应用代码也是非常多的时候，有时候通过单步调试真的很难短时间定位到问题，需要非常大的耐心和仔细观察，当然不是说完全不行，举个例子当我的应用经常启动需要非常长的时间，因为本身应用有非常多个 bean，比较难说究竟是 bean 的加载的确很慢还是有什么异常原因，这种时候就可以使用 thread dump 了，具体怎么操作呢<br><img data-src="https://mystore-1255223546.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/uPic/GPYHjd.png"><br>如果在idea 中运行或者调试时，可以直接点击这个照相机一样的按钮，右边就会出现了左边会显示所有的线程，右边会显示线程栈，</p><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">&quot;main@1&quot; prio&#x3D;5 tid&#x3D;0x1 nid&#x3D;NA runnable
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
at TreeDistance.treeDist(TreeDistance.java:64)
at TreeDistance.treeDist(TreeDistance.java:65)
at TreeDistance.treeDist(TreeDistance.java:65)
at TreeDistance.treeDist(TreeDistance.java:65)
at TreeDistance.main(TreeDistance.java:45)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre><p>这就是我们主线程的堆栈信息了，main 表示这个线程名，prio表示优先级，默认是 5，tid 表示线程 id，nid 表示对应的系统线程，后面的runnable 表示目前线程状态，因为是被我打了断点，所以是就许状态，然后下面就是对应的线程栈内容了，在<code>TreeDistance</code>类的 <code>treeDist</code>方法中，对应的文件行数是 64 行。<br>这里使用 thread dump一般也不会是上面我截图代码里的这种代码量很少的，一般是大型项目，有时候跑着跑着没反应，又不知道跑到哪了，特别是一些刚接触的大项目或者需要定位一个大项目的一个疑难问题，一时没思路时，可以使用这个方法，个人觉得非常有帮助。</p></div><footer class="post-footer"><div class="post-eof"></div></footer></article></div><div class="post-block"><article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post-content"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://nicksxs.me/2020/05/17/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A%E6%88%91%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1/"><span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="image" content="/uploads/avatar.jpg"><meta itemprop="name" content="Nicksxs"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Nicksxs's Blog"><meta itemprop="description" content="learn from zero,技术博客，Nicksxs，史学森"></span><span hidden itemprop="post" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><meta itemprop="name" content="undefined | Nicksxs's Blog"><meta itemprop="description" content=""></span><header class="post-header"><h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/2020/05/17/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A%E6%88%91%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">聊聊我理解的分布式事务</a></h2><div class="post-meta-container"><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建时间：2020-05-17 23:56:01" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2020-05-17T23:56:01+08:00">2020-05-17</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2020-05-24 22:18:43" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2020-05-24T22:18:43+08:00">2020-05-24</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-folder"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span> <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">分布式事务</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1/%E4%B8%A4%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%A4/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">两阶段提交</span></a> </span>， <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1/%E4%B8%89%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%A4/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">三阶段提交</span></a> </span></span><span id="/2020/05/17/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A%E6%88%91%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1/" class="post-meta-item leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="聊聊我理解的分布式事务" title="阅读次数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span> <span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-comment"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">Disqus：</span> <a title="disqus" href="/2020/05/17/%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A%E6%88%91%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1/#disqus_thread" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="post-comments-count disqus-comment-count" data-disqus-identifier="2020/05/17/聊聊我理解的分布式事务/" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a></span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>前面说了mysql数据库的事务相关的，那事务是用来干嘛的，这里得补一下ACID，</p><blockquote><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID"><strong>ACID</strong></a>，是指<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F">数据库管理系统</a>（<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBMS">DBMS</a>）在写入或更新资料的过程中，为保证<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1">事务</a>（transaction）是正确可靠的，所必须具备的四个特性：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1">原子性</a>（atomicity，或称不可分割性）、<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E8%87%B4%E6%80%A7_(%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F)&action=edit&redlink=1">一致性</a>（consistency）、<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2%E6%80%A7">隔离性</a>（isolation，又称独立性）、<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%81%E4%B9%85%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1">持久性</a>（durability）。</p></blockquote><ul><li><p>Atomicity（原子性）：一个事务（transaction）中的所有操作，或者全部完成，或者全部不完成，不会结束在中间某个环节。事务在执行过程中发生错误，会被<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%BB%9A_(%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86)">回滚</a>（Rollback）到事务开始前的状态，就像这个事务从来没有执行过一样。即，事务不可分割、不可约简。[<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID#cite_note-acid-1">1]</a></p></li><li><p>Consistency（一致性）：在事务开始之前和事务结束以后，数据库的完整性没有被破坏。这表示写入的资料必须完全符合所有的预设<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E6%80%A7">约束</a>、<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8_(%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93)">触发器</a>、<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A7%E8%81%94%E5%9B%9E%E6%BB%9A">级联回滚</a>等。[<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID#cite_note-acid-1">1]</a></p></li><li><p>Isolation（隔离性）：数据库允许多个并发事务同时对其数据进行读写和修改的能力，隔离性可以防止多个事务并发执行时由于交叉执行而导致数据的不一致。事务隔离分为不同级别，包括未提交读（Read uncommitted）、提交读（read committed）、可重复读（repeatable read）和串行化（Serializable）。[<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID#cite_note-acid-1">1]</a></p></li><li><p>Durability（持久性）：事务处理结束后，对数据的修改就是永久的，即便系统故障也不会丢失。[<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID#cite_note-acid-1">1]</a></p></li></ul><p>在mysql中，借助于MVCC，各种级别的锁，日志等特性来实现了事务的ACID，但是这个我们通常是对于一个数据库服务的定义，常见的情况下我们的数据库随着业务发展也会从单实例变成多实例，组成主从Master-Slave架构，这个时候其实会有一些问题随之出现，比如说主从同步延迟，假如在业务代码中做了读写分离，对于一些敏感度较低的数据其实问题不是很大，只要主从延迟不到特别夸张的地步一般都是可以忍受的，但是对于一些核心的业务数据，比如订单之类的，不能忍受数据不一致，下了单了，付了款了，一刷订单列表，发现这个订单还没支付，甚至订单都没在，这对于用户来讲是恨不能容忍的错误，那么这里就需要一些措施，要不就不读写分离，要不就在 redis 这类缓存下订单，或者支付后加个延时等，这些都是一些补偿措施，并且这也是一个不太切当的例子，比较合适的例子也可以用这个下单来说，一般在电商平台下单会有挺多要做的事情，比如像下面这个图</p><p><img data-src="https://mystore-1255223546.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/uPic/WX20200517-2127322x.png"></p><p>下单的是后要冻结核销优惠券，如果账户里有钱要冻结扣除账户里的钱，如果使用了J 豆也一样，可能还有 E 卡，忽略我借用的平台，因为目前一般后台服务化之后，可能每一项都是对应的一个后台服务，我们期望的执行过程是要不全成功，要不就全保持执行前状态，不能是部分扣减核销成功了，部分还不行，所以我们处理这种情况会引入一些通用的方案，第一种叫<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%A4">二阶段提交</a>,</p><blockquote><p><strong>二阶段提交</strong>（英语：Two-phase Commit）是指在<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C">计算机网络</a>以及<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93">数据库</a>领域内，为了使基于<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F">分布式系统</a>架构下的所有节点在进行<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1">事务</a>提交时保持一致性而设计的一种<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95">算法</a>。通常，<strong>二阶段提交</strong>也被称为是一种<strong>协议</strong>（Protocol）。在分布式系统中，每个节点虽然可以知晓自己的操作时成功或者失败，却无法知道其他节点的操作的成功或失败。当一个事务跨越多个节点时，为了保持事务的<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID">ACID</a>特性，需要引入一个作为<strong>协调者</strong>的组件来统一掌控所有节点（称作<strong>参与者</strong>）的操作结果并最终指示这些节点是否要把操作结果进行真正的提交（比如将更新后的数据写入磁盘等等）。因此，二阶段提交的算法思路可以概括为： 参与者将操作成败通知协调者，再由协调者根据所有参与者的反馈情报决定各参与者是否要提交操作还是中止操作。</p></blockquote><p>对于上面的例子，我们将整个过程分成两个阶段，首先是提交请求阶段，这个阶段大概需要做的是确定资源存在，锁定资源，可能还要做好失败后回滚的准备，如果这些都 ok 了那么就响应成功，这里其实用到了一个叫事务的协调者的角色，类似于裁判员，每个节点都反馈第一阶段成功后，开始执行第二阶段，也就是实际执行操作，这里也是需要所有节点都反馈成功后才是执行成功，要不就是失败回滚。其实常用的分布式事务的解决方案主要也是基于此方案的改进，比如后面介绍的<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%A4">三阶段提交</a>，有三阶段提交就是因为二阶段提交比较尴尬的几个点，</p><ul><li>第一是对于两阶段提交，其中默认只有协调者有超时时间，当一个参与者进入卡死状态时只能依赖协调者的超时来结束任务，这中间的时间参与者都是锁定着资源</li><li>第二是协调者的单点问题，万一挂了，参与者就会在那傻等着</li></ul><p>所以三阶段提交引入了各节点的超时机制和一个准备阶段，首先是一个<code>can commit</code>阶段，询问下各个节点有没有资源，能不能进行操作，这个阶段不阻塞，只是提前做个摸底，这个阶段其实人畜无害，但是能提高成功率，在这个阶段如果就有节点反馈是不接受的，那就不用执行下去了，也没有锁资源，然后第二阶段是 <code>pre commit</code> ，这个阶段做的事情跟原来的 第一阶段比较类似，然后是第三阶段<code>do commit</code>，其实三阶段提交我个人觉得只是加了个超时，和准备阶段，好像木有根本性的解决的两阶段提交的问题，后续可以再看看一些论文来思考讨论下。</p><p>2020年05月24日22:11 更新<br>这里跟朋友讨论了下，好像想通了最核心的一点，对于前面说的那个场景，如果是两阶段提交，如果各个节点中有一个没回应，并且协调者也挂了，这个时候会有什么情况呢，再加一个假设，其实比如这个一阶段其实是检验就失败的，理论上应该大家都释放资源，那么对于这种异常情况，其他的参与者就不知所措了，就傻傻地锁着资源阻塞着，那么三阶段提交的意义就出现了，把第一阶段拆开，那么即使在这个阶段出现上述的异常，即也不会锁定资源，同时参与者也有超时机制，在第二阶段锁定资源出现异常是，其他参与者节点等超时后就自动释放资源了，也就没啥问题了，不过对于那种异常恢复后的一些情况还是没有很好地解决，需要借助 zk 等，后面有空可以讲讲 paxos 跟 raft 等</p></div><footer class="post-footer"><div class="post-eof"></div></footer></article></div><nav class="pagination"><a class="extend prev" rel="prev" href="/page/24/"><i class="fa fa-angle-left" aria-label="上一页"></i></a><a class="page-number" href="/">1</a><span class="space">&hellip;</span><a class="page-number" href="/page/24/">24</a><span class="page-number current">25</span><a class="page-number" href="/page/26/">26</a><span class="space">&hellip;</span><a class="page-number" href="/page/35/">35</a><a class="extend next" rel="next" href="/page/26/"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-label="下一页"></i></a></nav></div></main><footer class="footer"><div 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