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<time title="Created: 2019-09-23 23:40:05" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2019-09-23T23:40:05+08:00">2019-09-23</time>
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<p>最近看了大神的 AQS 的文章，之前总是断断续续地看一点，每次都知难而退，下次看又从头开始，昨天总算硬着头皮看完了第一部分<br>首先 AQS 只要有这些属性</p>
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<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 头结点，你直接把它当做 当前持有锁的线程 可能是最好理解的</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">transient</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span> Node head;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 阻塞的尾节点，每个新的节点进来，都插入到最后，也就形成了一个链表</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">transient</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span> Node tail;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 这个是最重要的，代表当前锁的状态，0代表没有被占用，大于 0 代表有线程持有当前锁</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 这个值可以大于 1，是因为锁可以重入，每次重入都加上 1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> state;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 代表当前持有独占锁的线程，举个最重要的使用例子，因为锁可以重入</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// reentrantLock.lock()可以嵌套调用多次，所以每次用这个来判断当前线程是否已经拥有了锁</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// if (currentThread == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {state++}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">transient</span> Thread exclusiveOwnerThread; <span class="comment">//继承自AbstractOwnableSynchronizer</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>大概了解了 aqs 底层的双向等待队列，<br>结构是这样的<br><img data-src="https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/006tNbRwly1g9mxu0ndt1j319o08w0t7.jpg" alt=""><br>每个 node 里面主要是的代码结构也比较简单</p>
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<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Node</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 标识节点当前在共享模式下</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Node SHARED = <span class="keyword">new</span> Node();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 标识节点当前在独占模式下</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Node EXCLUSIVE = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// ======== 下面的几个int常量是给waitStatus用的 ===========</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/** waitStatus value to indicate thread has cancelled */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 代码此线程取消了争抢这个锁</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> CANCELLED = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/** waitStatus value to indicate successor's thread needs unparking */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 官方的描述是，其表示当前node的后继节点对应的线程需要被唤醒</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> SIGNAL = -<span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/** waitStatus value to indicate thread is waiting on condition */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 本文不分析condition，所以略过吧，下一篇文章会介绍这个</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> CONDITION = -<span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * waitStatus value to indicate the next acquireShared should</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * unconditionally propagate</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 同样的不分析，略过吧</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> PROPAGATE = -<span class="number">3</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// =====================================================</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 取值为上面的1、-1、-2、-3，或者0(以后会讲到)</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 这么理解，暂时只需要知道如果这个值 大于0 代表此线程取消了等待，</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// ps: 半天抢不到锁，不抢了，ReentrantLock是可以指定timeouot的。。。</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">volatile</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> waitStatus;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 前驱节点的引用</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">volatile</span> Node prev;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 后继节点的引用</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">volatile</span> Node next;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 这个就是线程本尊</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">volatile</span> Thread thread;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>其实可以主要关注这个 <code>waitStatus</code> 因为这个是后面的节点给前面的节点设置的，等于-1 的时候代表后面有节点等待，需要去唤醒，<br>这里使用了一个变种的 CLH 队列实现，CLH 队列相关内容可以查看这篇 <a href="https://coderbee.net/index.php/concurrent/20131115/577" target="_blank" rel="noopener">自旋锁、排队自旋锁、MCS锁、CLH锁</a></p>
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<article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post-block home" lang="zh-Hans">
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<link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://nicksxs.me/2019/06/18/openresty/">
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<a href="/2019/06/18/openresty/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">openresty</a>
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</h1>
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<div class="post-meta">
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<span class="post-meta-item-text">Posted on</span>
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<time title="Created: 2019-06-18 19:03:05" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2019-06-18T19:03:05+08:00">2019-06-18</time>
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<span class="post-meta-item-text">Edited on</span>
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<time title="Modified: 2020-01-12 21:08:27" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2020-01-12T21:08:27+08:00">2020-01-12</time>
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<span class="post-meta-item-text">In</span>
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<span itemprop="name">nginx</span>
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</a>
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<p>目前公司要对一些新的产品功能做灰度测试，因为在后端业务代码层面添加判断比较麻烦，所以想在nginx上做点手脚，就想到了openresty<br>前后也踩了不少坑，这边先写一点</p>
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<p>首先是日志<br><code>error_log logs/error.log debug;</code><br>需要nginx开启日志的debug才能看到日志</p>
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<p>使用 <code>lua_code_cache off</code>即可, 另外注意只有使用 <code>content_by_lua_file</code> 才会生效</p>
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<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">http {</span><br><span class="line"> lua_code_cache off;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">location ~* /(\d+-.*)/api/orgunits/load_all(.*) {</span><br><span class="line"> default_type <span class="string">'application/json;charset=utf-8'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> content_by_lua_file /data/projects/xxx/current/lua/controller/load_data.lua;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>使用lua给nginx请求response头添加内容可以用这个</p>
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<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ngx.header[<span class="string">'response'</span>] = <span class="string">'header'</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p><a href="http://cyukang.com/2017/05/22/try-on-openresty.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">使用总结</a></p>
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<p>后续：</p>
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<ol>
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<li>一开始在本地环境的时候使用content_by_lua_file只关注了头，后来发到测试环境发现请求内容都没代理转发到后端服务上<br>网上查了下发现content_by_lua_file是将请求的所有内容包括response都用这里面的lua脚本生成了，content这个词就表示是请求内容<br>后来改成了access_by_lua_file就正常了，只是要去获取请求内容和修改响应头，并不是要完整的接管请求</li>
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</ol>
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<ol start="2">
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<li><p>后来又碰到了一个坑是nginx有个client_body_buffer_size的配置参数，nginx在32位和64位系统里有8K和16K两个默认值，当请求内容大于这两个值的时候，会把请求内容放到临时文件里，这个时候openresty里的ngx.req.get_post_args()就会报“failed to get post args: requesty body in temp file not supported”这个错误，将client_body_buffer_size这个参数配置调大一点就好了</p>
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</li>
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<li><p>还有就是lua的异常捕获，网上看一般是用pcall和xpcall来进行保护调用，因为问题主要出在cjson的decode，这里有两个解决方案，一个就是将cjson.decode使用pcall封装，</p>
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<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> decode = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">"cjson"</span>).decode</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">json_decode</span><span class="params">( str )</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">local</span> ok, t = <span class="built_in">pcall</span>(decode, str)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="keyword">not</span> ok <span class="keyword">then</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">nil</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> t</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">end</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p> 这个是使用了pcall，称为保护调用，会在内部错误后返回两个参数，第一个是false，第二个是错误信息<br> 还有一种是使用cjson.safe包</p>
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<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> json = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">"cjson.safe"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> str = <span class="string">[[ {"key:"value"} ]]</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">local</span> t = json.decode(str)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> t <span class="keyword">then</span></span><br><span class="line"> ngx.say(<span class="string">" --> "</span>, <span class="built_in">type</span>(t))</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">end</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p> cjson.safe包会在解析失败的时候返回nil</p>
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</li>
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<li><p>还有一个是redis链接时如果host使用的是域名的话会提示“failed to connect: no resolver defined to resolve “redis.xxxxxx.com””，这里需要使用nginx的resolver指令，<br><code>resolver 8.8.8.8 valid=3600s;</code></p>
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</li>
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<li><p>还有一点补充下<br>就是业务在使用redis的时候使用了db的特性，所以在lua访问redis的时候也需要执行db，这里lua的redis库也支持了这个特性，可以使用instance:select(config:get(‘db’))来切换db</p>
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</li>
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<li><p>性能优化tips<br><a href="https://juejin.im/entry/5b0e8fcef265da09210072a3#openresty" target="_blank" rel="noopener">建议是尽量少使用阶段钩子，例如content_by_lua_file，*_by_lua</a></p>
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</li>
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<li><p>发现一个不错的openresty站点<br><a href="http://orhub.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">地址</a></p>
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</li>
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<article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post-block home" lang="zh-Hans">
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<link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://nicksxs.me/2017/05/09/ambari-summary/">
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<a href="/2017/05/09/ambari-summary/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">ambari-summary</a>
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</h1>
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<time title="Created: 2017-05-09 23:53:05" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2017-05-09T23:53:05+08:00">2017-05-09</time>
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<span class="post-meta-item-text">Edited on</span>
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<time title="Modified: 2020-01-12 21:08:27" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2020-01-12T21:08:27+08:00">2020-01-12</time>
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<span itemprop="name">data analysis</span>
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<h2 id="初识ambari"><a href="#初识ambari" class="headerlink" title="初识ambari"></a>初识ambari</h2><p><a href="http://ambari.apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ambari</a>是一个大数据平台的管理工具，包含了<code>hadoop</code>, <code>yarn</code>, <code>hive</code>, <code>hbase</code>, <code>spark</code>等大数据的基础架构和工具，简化了数据平台的搭建，之前只是在同事搭建好平台后的一些使用，这次有机会从头开始用<code>ambari</code>来搭建一个测试的数据平台，过程中也踩到不少坑，简单记录下。</p>
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<h2 id="简单过程"><a href="#简单过程" class="headerlink" title="简单过程"></a>简单过程</h2><ul>
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<li>第一个坑<br>在刚开始是按照官网的指南，用maven构建，因为GFW的原因，导致反复失败等待，也就是这个<a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/AMBARI/Installation+Guide+for+Ambari+2.5.0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">guide</a>，因为对maven不熟悉导致有些按图索骥，浪费了很多时间，之后才知道可以直接加repo用yum安装，然而用yum安装马上就出现了第二个坑。</li>
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<li>第二个坑<br>因为在线的repo还是因为网络原因很慢很慢，用proxychains勉强把ambari-server本身安装好了，<a href="http://public-repo-1.hortonworks.com/ambari/centos7/2.x/updates/2.5.0.3/ambari.repo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ambari.repo</a>将这个放进<code>/etc/yum.repos.d/</code>路径下，然后<code>yum update && yum install ambari-server</code>安装即可，如果有条件就用proxychains走下代理。</li>
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<li>第三步<br>安装好ambari-server后先执行<code>ambari-server setup</code>做一些初始化设置，其中包含了JDK路径的设置，数据库设置，设置好就OK了，然后执行<code>ambari-server start</code>启动服务，这里有个小插曲，因为<code>ambari-server</code>涉及到这么多服务，所以管理控制监控之类的模块是必不可少的，这部分可以在<code>ambari-server</code>的web ui界面安装，也可以命令行提前安装，这部分被称为<code>HDF Management Pack</code>，运行```ambari-server install-mpack \</li>
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<li>-mpack=<a href="http://public-repo-1.hortonworks.com/HDF/centos7/2.x/updates/2.1.4.0/tars/hdf_ambari_mp/hdf-ambari-mpack-2.1.4.0-5.tar.gz" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://public-repo-1.hortonworks.com/HDF/centos7/2.x/updates/2.1.4.0/tars/hdf_ambari_mp/hdf-ambari-mpack-2.1.4.0-5.tar.gz</a> \</li>
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<li>-purge \</li>
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<li>-verbose```<br>安装，当然这个压缩包可以下载之后指到本地路径安装，然后就可以重启<code>ambari-server</code></li>
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<h2 id="rabbitmq-介绍"><a href="#rabbitmq-介绍" class="headerlink" title="rabbitmq 介绍"></a>rabbitmq 介绍</h2><p>接触了一下rabbitmq，原来在选型的时候是在rabbitmq跟kafka之间做选择，网上搜了一下之后发现kafka的优势在于吞吐量，而rabbitmq相对注重可靠性，因为应用在im上，需要保证消息不能丢失所以就暂时选定rabbitmq，<br>Message Queue的需求由来已久，80年代最早在金融交易中，高盛等公司采用Teknekron公司的产品，当时的Message queuing软件叫做：the information bus（TIB）。 TIB被电信和通讯公司采用，路透社收购了Teknekron公司。之后，IBM开发了MQSeries，微软开发了Microsoft Message Queue（MSMQ）。这些商业MQ供应商的问题是厂商锁定，价格高昂。2001年，Java Message queuing试图解决锁定和交互性的问题，但对应用来说反而更加麻烦了。<br>RabbitMQ采用Erlang语言开发。Erlang语言由Ericson设计，专门为开发concurrent和distribution系统的一种语言，在电信领域使用广泛。OTP（Open Telecom Platform）作为Erlang语言的一部分，包含了很多基于Erlang开发的中间件／库／工具，如mnesia／SASL，极大方便了Erlang应用的开发。OTP就类似于Python语言中众多的module，用户借助这些module可以很方便的开发应用。<br>于是2004年，摩根大通和iMatrix开始着手<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Message_Queuing_Protocol" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Advanced Message Queuing Protocol （AMQP）</a>开放标准的开发。2006年，AMQP规范发布。2007年，Rabbit技术公司基于AMQP标准开发的RabbitMQ 1.0 发布。所有主要的编程语言均有与代理接口通讯的客户端库。</p>
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<h2 id="简单的使用经验"><a href="#简单的使用经验" class="headerlink" title="简单的使用经验"></a>简单的使用经验</h2><h3 id="通俗的理解"><a href="#通俗的理解" class="headerlink" title="通俗的理解"></a>通俗的理解</h3><p>这里介绍下其中的一些概念，connection表示和队列服务器的连接，一般情况下是tcp连接， channel表示通道，可以在一个连接上建立多个通道，这里主要是节省了tcp连接握手的成本，exchange可以理解成一个路由器，将消息推送给对应的队列queue，其实是像一个订阅的模式。</p>
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<h3 id="集群经验"><a href="#集群经验" class="headerlink" title="集群经验"></a>集群经验</h3><p><code>rabbitmqctl stop</code>这个是关闭rabbitmq，在搭建集群时候先关闭服务，然后使用<code>rabbitmq-server -detached</code>静默启动，这时候使用<code>rabbitmqctl cluster_status</code>查看集群状态，因为还没将节点加入集群，所以只能看到类似</p>
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<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Cluster status of node rabbit@rabbit1 ...</span><br><span class="line">[{nodes,[{disc,[rabbit@rabbit1,rabbit@rabbit2,rabbit@rabbit3]}]},</span><br><span class="line"> {running_nodes,[rabbit@rabbit2,rabbit@rabbit1]}]</span><br><span class="line">...done.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>然后就可以把当前节点加入集群，</p>
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<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">rabbit2$</span><span class="bash"> rabbitmqctl stop_app <span class="comment">#这个stop_app与stop的区别是前者停的是rabbitmq应用，保留erlang节点，</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> #后者是停止了rabbitmq和erlang节点</span><br><span class="line">Stopping node rabbit@rabbit2 ...done.</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">rabbit2$</span><span class="bash"> rabbitmqctl join_cluster rabbit@rabbit1 <span class="comment">#这里可以用--ram指定将当前节点作为内存节点加入集群</span></span></span><br><span class="line">Clustering node rabbit@rabbit2 with [rabbit@rabbit1] ...done.</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">rabbit2$</span><span class="bash"> rabbitmqctl start_app</span></span><br><span class="line">Starting node rabbit@rabbit2 ...done.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>其他可以参考<a href="http://www.rabbitmq.com/clustering.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">官方文档</a></p>
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<h2 id="一些坑"><a href="#一些坑" class="headerlink" title="一些坑"></a>一些坑</h2><h3 id="消息丢失"><a href="#消息丢失" class="headerlink" title="消息丢失"></a>消息丢失</h3><p>这里碰到过一个坑，对于使用exchange来做消息路由的，会有一个情况，就是在routing_key没被订阅的时候，会将该条找不到路由对应的queue的消息丢掉<code>What happens if we break our contract and send a message with one or four words, like "orange" or "quick.orange.male.rabbit"? Well, these messages won't match any bindings and will be lost.</code><a href="http://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-five-python.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">对应链接</a>,而当使用空的exchange时，会保留消息，当出现消费者的时候就可以将收到之前生产者所推送的消息<a href="http://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-two-python.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">对应链接</a>,这里就是用了空的exchange。</p>
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<h3 id="集群搭建"><a href="#集群搭建" class="headerlink" title="集群搭建"></a>集群搭建</h3><p>集群搭建的时候有个erlang vm生成的random cookie，这个是用来做集群之间认证的，相同的cookie才能连接，但是如果通过vim打开复制后在其他几点新建文件写入会多一个换行，导致集群建立是报错，所以这里最好使用scp等传输命令直接传输cookie文件，同时要注意下cookie的文件权限。<br>另外在集群搭建的时候如果更改过hostname，那么要把rabbitmq的数据库删除，否则启动后会马上挂掉</p>
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<h2 id="spark-的一些粗浅使用经验"><a href="#spark-的一些粗浅使用经验" class="headerlink" title="spark 的一些粗浅使用经验"></a>spark 的一些粗浅使用经验</h2><p>工作中学习使用了一下Spark做数据分析,主要是用spark的python接口，首先是<code>pyspark.SparkContext(appName=xxx)</code>，这是初始化一个Spark应用实例或者说会话，不能重复，<br>返回的实例句柄就可以调用<code>textFile(path)</code>读取文本文件，这里的文本文件可以是HDFS上的文本文件，也可以普通文本文件，但是需要在Spark的所有集群上都存在，否则会<br>读取失败，<code>parallelize</code>则可以将python生成的集合数据读取后转换成rdd(A Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD),一种spark下的基本抽象数据集),基于这个RDD就可以做<br>数据的流式计算，例如<code>map reduce</code>,在Spark中可以非常方便地实现 </p>
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<h3 id="简单的mapreduce-word-count示例"><a href="#简单的mapreduce-word-count示例" class="headerlink" title="简单的mapreduce word count示例"></a>简单的mapreduce word count示例</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">textFile = sc.parallelize([(<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">1</span>), (<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">1</span>), (<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">1</span>), (<span class="number">4</span>,<span class="number">1</span>), (<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="number">1</span>),(<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">1</span>), (<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">1</span>), (<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">1</span>), (<span class="number">4</span>,<span class="number">1</span>), (<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="number">1</span>)])</span><br><span class="line">data = textFile.reduceByKey(<span class="keyword">lambda</span> x, y: x + y).collect()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> _ <span class="keyword">in</span> data:</span><br><span class="line"> print(_)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h3 id="结果"><a href="#结果" class="headerlink" title="结果"></a>结果</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">(3, 2)</span><br><span class="line">(1, 2)</span><br><span class="line">(4, 2)</span><br><span class="line">(2, 2)</span><br><span class="line">(5, 2)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h2 id="PHP抽象类和接口"><a href="#PHP抽象类和接口" class="headerlink" title="PHP抽象类和接口"></a>PHP抽象类和接口</h2><ul>
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<li>抽象类与接口</li>
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<li>抽象类内可以包含非抽象函数，即可实现函数</li>
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<li>抽象类内必须包含至少一个抽象方法，抽象类和接口均不能实例化</li>
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<li>抽象类可以设置访问级别，接口默认都是public</li>
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<li>类可以实现多个接口但不能继承多个抽象类</li>
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<li>类必须实现抽象类和接口里的抽象方法，不一定要实现抽象类的非抽象方法</li>
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<li>接口内不能定义变量，但是可以定义常量</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="示例代码"><a href="#示例代码" class="headerlink" title="示例代码"></a>示例代码</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><?php</span><br><span class="line">interface int1{</span><br><span class="line"> const INTER1 = 111;</span><br><span class="line"> function inter1();</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">interface int2{</span><br><span class="line"> const INTER1 = 222;</span><br><span class="line"> function inter2();</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">abstract class abst1{</span><br><span class="line"> public function abstr1(){</span><br><span class="line"> echo 1111;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> abstract function abstra1(){</span><br><span class="line"> echo 'ahahahha';</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">abstract class abst2{</span><br><span class="line"> public function abstr2(){</span><br><span class="line"> echo 1111;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> abstract function abstra2();</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">class normal1 extends abst1{</span><br><span class="line"> protected function abstr2(){</span><br><span class="line"> echo 222;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h2 id="result"><a href="#result" class="headerlink" title="result"></a>result</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">PHP Fatal error: Abstract function abst1::abstra1() cannot contain body in new.php on line 17</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Fatal error: Abstract function abst1::abstra1() cannot contain body in php on line 17</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<a href="/2016/10/12/summary-ranges-228/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">summary-ranges-228</a>
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</h1>
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<time title="Modified: 2020-01-12 21:08:26" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2020-01-12T21:08:26+08:00">2020-01-12</time>
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<h4 id="problem"><a href="#problem" class="headerlink" title="problem"></a>problem</h4><p>Given a sorted integer array without duplicates, return the summary of its ranges.</p>
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<p>For example, given <code>[0,1,2,4,5,7]</code>, return <code>["0->2","4->5","7"]</code>.</p>
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<h4 id="题解"><a href="#题解" class="headerlink" title="题解"></a>题解</h4><p>每一个区间的起点<code>nums[i]</code>加上<code>j</code>是否等于<code>nums[i+j]</code><br><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4603555.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">参考</a></p>
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<h4 id="Code"><a href="#Code" class="headerlink" title="Code"></a>Code</h4><figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Solution</span> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">vector</span><<span class="built_in">string</span>> summaryRanges(<span class="built_in">vector</span><<span class="keyword">int</span>>& nums) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>, j = <span class="number">1</span>, n;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">vector</span><<span class="built_in">string</span>> res;</span><br><span class="line"> n = nums.<span class="built_in">size</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">while</span>(i < n){</span><br><span class="line"> j = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">while</span>(j < n && nums[i+j] - nums[i] == j) j++;</span><br><span class="line"> res.push_back(j <= <span class="number">1</span> ? to_string(nums[i]) : to_string(nums[i]) + <span class="string">"->"</span> + to_string(nums[i + j - <span class="number">1</span>]));</span><br><span class="line"> i += j;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> res;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<time title="Created: 2016-10-11 22:04:28" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2016-10-11T22:04:28+08:00">2016-10-11</time>
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<time title="Modified: 2020-01-12 21:08:27" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2020-01-12T21:08:27+08:00">2020-01-12</time>
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<h3 id="problem"><a href="#problem" class="headerlink" title="problem"></a>problem</h3><p>Given an array of n positive integers and a positive integer s, find the minimal length of a subarray of which the sum ≥ s. If there isn’t one, return 0 instead. </p>
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<p>For example, given the array <code>[2,3,1,2,4,3]</code> and <code>s = 7</code>,<br>the subarray <code>[4,3]</code> has the minimal length under the problem constraint. </p>
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<h4 id="题解"><a href="#题解" class="headerlink" title="题解"></a>题解</h4><p>参考，滑动窗口，跟之前Data Structure课上的online算法有点像，<a href="http://blog.csdn.net/lisonglisonglisong/article/details/45666975" target="_blank" rel="noopener">链接</a> </p>
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<h4 id="Code"><a href="#Code" class="headerlink" title="Code"></a>Code</h4><figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Solution</span> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">minSubArrayLen</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> s, <span class="built_in">vector</span><<span class="keyword">int</span>>& nums)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> len = nums.<span class="built_in">size</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(len == <span class="number">0</span>) <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> minlen = INT_MAX;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> sum = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> left = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> right = <span class="number">-1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">while</span>(right < len)</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">while</span>(sum < s && right < len)</span><br><span class="line"> sum += nums[++right];</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(sum >= s)</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> minlen = minlen < right - left + <span class="number">1</span> ? minlen : right - left + <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> sum -= nums[left++];</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> minlen > len ? <span class="number">0</span> : minlen;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<a href="/2016/09/29/binary-watch/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">binary-watch</a>
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<time title="Created: 2016-09-29 23:16:06" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2016-09-29T23:16:06+08:00">2016-09-29</time>
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<time title="Modified: 2020-01-12 21:08:27" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2020-01-12T21:08:27+08:00">2020-01-12</time>
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<h3 id="problem"><a href="#problem" class="headerlink" title="problem"></a>problem</h3><p>A binary watch has 4 LEDs on the top which represent the hours (0-11), and the 6 LEDs on the bottom represent the minutes (0-59). </p>
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<p>Each LED represents a zero or one, with the least significant bit on the right. </p>
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<p><img data-src="http://7sbp1g.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/Binary_clock_samui_moon.jpg?imageView2/2/w/620" alt=""></p>
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<p>For example, the above binary watch reads “3:25”. </p>
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<p>Given a non-negative integer n which represents the number of LEDs that are currently on, return all possible times the watch could represent. </p>
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<h4 id="Example"><a href="#Example" class="headerlink" title="Example:"></a>Example:</h4><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Input: n = 1</span><br><span class="line">Return: ["1:00", "2:00", "4:00", "8:00", "0:01", "0:02", "0:04", "0:08", "0:16", "0:32"]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h4 id="Note"><a href="#Note" class="headerlink" title="Note:"></a>Note:</h4><ul>
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<li>The order of output does not matter.</li>
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<li>The hour must not contain a leading zero, for example “01:00” is not valid, it should be “1:00”.</li>
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<li>The minute must be consist of two digits and may contain a leading zero, for example “10:2” is not valid, it should be “10:02”.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="题解"><a href="#题解" class="headerlink" title="题解"></a>题解</h3><p>又是参（chao）考（xi）别人的代码，嗯，就是这么不要脸，<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/5896454.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">链接</a></p>
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<h4 id="Code"><a href="#Code" class="headerlink" title="Code"></a>Code</h4><figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Solution</span> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">vector</span><<span class="built_in">string</span>> readBinaryWatch(<span class="keyword">int</span> num) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">vector</span><<span class="built_in">string</span>> res;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> h = <span class="number">0</span>; h < <span class="number">12</span>; ++h) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> m = <span class="number">0</span>; m < <span class="number">60</span>; ++m) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">bitset</span><<span class="number">10</span>>((h << <span class="number">6</span>) + m).count() == num) {</span><br><span class="line"> res.push_back(to_string(h) + (m < <span class="number">10</span> ? <span class="string">":0"</span> : <span class="string">":"</span>) + to_string(m));</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> res;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<a href="/2016/08/14/34-Search-for-a-Range/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">34_Search_for_a_Range</a>
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<h2 id="question"><a href="#question" class="headerlink" title="question"></a>question</h2><h3 id="34-Search-for-a-Range"><a href="#34-Search-for-a-Range" class="headerlink" title="34. Search for a Range"></a>34. Search for a Range</h3><p><a href="https://leetcode.com/problems/search-for-a-range/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Original Page</a></p>
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<p>Given a sorted array of integers, find the starting and ending position of a given target value.</p>
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<p>Your algorithm’s runtime complexity must be in the order of <em>O</em>(log <em>n</em>).</p>
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<p>If the target is not found in the array, return <code>[-1, -1]</code>.</p>
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<p>For example,<br>Given <code>[5, 7, 7, 8, 8, 10]</code> and target value 8,<br>return <code>[3, 4]</code>.</p>
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<h2 id="analysis"><a href="#analysis" class="headerlink" title="analysis"></a>analysis</h2><p>一开始就想到了二分查找，但是原来做二分查找的时候一般都是找到确定的那个数就完成了，<br>这里的情况比较特殊，需要找到整个区间，所以需要两遍查找，并且一个是找到小于target<br>的最大索引，一个是找到大于target的最大索引，代码参考<a href="https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/5891/clean-iterative-solution-with-two-binary-searches-with-explanation/2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">leetcode discuss</a>,这位仁<br>兄也做了详细的分析解释。 </p>
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<h2 id="code"><a href="#code" class="headerlink" title="code"></a>code</h2><figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Solution</span> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">vector</span><<span class="keyword">int</span>> searchRange(<span class="built_in">vector</span><<span class="keyword">int</span>>& nums, <span class="keyword">int</span> target) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">vector</span><<span class="keyword">int</span>> ret(<span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">-1</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>, j = nums.<span class="built_in">size</span>() - <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> mid;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">while</span>(i < j){</span><br><span class="line"> mid = (i + j) / <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(nums[mid] < target) i = mid + <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span> j = mid;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(nums[i] != target) <span class="keyword">return</span> ret;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> ret[<span class="number">0</span>] = i;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>((i+<span class="number">1</span>) < (nums.<span class="built_in">size</span>() - <span class="number">1</span>) && nums[i+<span class="number">1</span>] > target){</span><br><span class="line"> ret[<span class="number">1</span>] = i;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> ret;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="comment">//一点小优化</span></span><br><span class="line"> j = nums.<span class="built_in">size</span>() - <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">while</span>(i < j){</span><br><span class="line"> mid = (i + j) / <span class="number">2</span> + <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(nums[mid] > target) j = mid - <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span> i = mid;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ret[<span class="number">1</span>] = j;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> ret;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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