top 命令在日常的 Linux 使用中，特别是做一些服务器的简单状态查看，排查故障都起了比较大的作用，但是由于这个命令看到的东西比较多，一般只会看部分，或者说像我这样就会比较片面地看一些信息，比如默认是进程维度的，可以在启动命令的时候加-H进入线程模式
-H :Threads-mode operation
Instructs top to display individual threads. Without this command-line option a summation of all threads in each process is shown. Later
this can be changed with the `H' interactive command.
SORTING of task window
@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@
Moves the sort column to the left unless the current sort field is the first field being displayed.
> :Move-Sort-Field-Right
- Moves the sort column to the right unless the current sort field is the last field being displayed.
查看 man page 可以找到这一段，其实一般 man page 都是最细致的，只不过因为太多了，有时候懒得看，这里可以通过大写 M 和大写 P 分别按内存和 CPU 排序，下面还有两个小技巧，通过按 x 可以将当前活跃的排序列用不同颜色标出来，然后可以通过<和>直接左右移动排序列
\ No newline at end of file
+ Moves the sort column to the right unless the current sort field is the last field being displayed.
查看 man page 可以找到这一段，其实一般 man page 都是最细致的，只不过因为太多了，有时候懒得看，这里可以通过大写 M 和大写 P 分别按内存和 CPU 排序，下面还有两个小技巧，通过按 x 可以将当前活跃的排序列用不同颜色标出来，然后可以通过<和>直接左右移动排序列
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2021/07/18/2021-年中总结/index.html b/2021/07/18/2021-年中总结/index.html
index 4d8509ae36..b1ae9994e8 100644
--- a/2021/07/18/2021-年中总结/index.html
+++ b/2021/07/18/2021-年中总结/index.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-2021 年中总结 | Nicksxs's Blog
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2022/08/21/一个-nginx-的简单记忆点/index.html b/2022/08/21/一个-nginx-的简单记忆点/index.html
index 8a5150e73b..b714406e7a 100644
--- a/2022/08/21/一个-nginx-的简单记忆点/index.html
+++ b/2022/08/21/一个-nginx-的简单记忆点/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-一个 nginx 的简单记忆点 | Nicksxs's Blog
A more generic solution for running several HTTPS servers on a single IP address is TLS Server Name Indication extension (SNI, RFC 6066), which allows a browser to pass a requested server name during the SSL handshake and, therefore, the server will know which certificate it should use for the connection. SNI is currently supported by most modern browsers, though may not be used by some old or special clients. 来源 机翻一下：在单个 IP 地址上运行多个 HTTPS 服务器的更通用的解决方案是 TLS 服务器名称指示扩展（SNI，RFC 6066），它允许浏览器在 SSL 握手期间传递请求的服务器名称，因此，服务器将知道哪个 它应该用于连接的证书。 目前大多数现代浏览器都支持 SNI，但某些旧的或特殊的客户端可能不使用 SNI。
A more generic solution for running several HTTPS servers on a single IP address is TLS Server Name Indication extension (SNI, RFC 6066), which allows a browser to pass a requested server name during the SSL handshake and, therefore, the server will know which certificate it should use for the connection. SNI is currently supported by most modern browsers, though may not be used by some old or special clients. 来源 机翻一下：在单个 IP 地址上运行多个 HTTPS 服务器的更通用的解决方案是 TLS 服务器名称指示扩展（SNI，RFC 6066），它允许浏览器在 SSL 握手期间传递请求的服务器名称，因此，服务器将知道哪个 它应该用于连接的证书。 目前大多数现代浏览器都支持 SNI，但某些旧的或特殊的客户端可能不使用 SNI。
A more generic solution for running several HTTPS servers on a single IP address is TLS Server Name Indication extension (SNI, RFC 6066), which allows a browser to pass a requested server name during the SSL handshake and, therefore, the server will know which certificate it should use for the connection. SNI is currently supported by most modern browsers, though may not be used by some old or special clients. 来源 机翻一下：在单个 IP 地址上运行多个 HTTPS 服务器的更通用的解决方案是 TLS 服务器名称指示扩展（SNI，RFC 6066），它允许浏览器在 SSL 握手期间传递请求的服务器名称，因此，服务器将知道哪个 它应该用于连接的证书。 目前大多数现代浏览器都支持 SNI，但某些旧的或特殊的客户端可能不使用 SNI。
首先我们需要确认 sni 已被支持 在实际的配置中就可以这样
stream {
+Nicksxs's Blog - What hurts more, the pain of hard work or the pain of regret?
A more generic solution for running several HTTPS servers on a single IP address is TLS Server Name Indication extension (SNI, RFC 6066), which allows a browser to pass a requested server name during the SSL handshake and, therefore, the server will know which certificate it should use for the connection. SNI is currently supported by most modern browsers, though may not be used by some old or special clients. 来源 机翻一下：在单个 IP 地址上运行多个 HTTPS 服务器的更通用的解决方案是 TLS 服务器名称指示扩展（SNI，RFC 6066），它允许浏览器在 SSL 握手期间传递请求的服务器名称，因此，服务器将知道哪个 它应该用于连接的证书。 目前大多数现代浏览器都支持 SNI，但某些旧的或特殊的客户端可能不使用 SNI。
首先我们需要确认 sni 已被支持 在实际的配置中就可以这样
stream {
map $ssl_preread_server_name $stream_map {
nicksxs.me nme;
nicksxs.com ncom;
diff --git a/leancloud.memo b/leancloud.memo
index 2646a2da10..2ca4ed10b9 100644
--- a/leancloud.memo
+++ b/leancloud.memo
@@ -174,4 +174,5 @@
{"title":"聊一下 SpringBoot 设置非 web 应用的方法","url":"/2022/07/31/聊一下-SpringBoot-设置非-web-应用的方法/"},
{"title":"Leetcode 16 最接近的三数之和 ( 3Sum Closest *Medium* ) 题解分析","url":"/2022/08/06/Leetcode-16-最接近的三数之和-3Sum-Closest-Medium-题解分析/"},
{"title":"Leetcode 278 第一个错误的版本 ( First Bad Version *Easy* ) 题解分析","url":"/2022/08/14/Leetcode-278-第一个错误的版本-First-Bad-Version-Easy-题解分析/"},
+{"title":"一个 nginx 的简单记忆点","url":"/2022/08/21/一个-nginx-的简单记忆点/"},
]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/leancloud_counter_security_urls.json b/leancloud_counter_security_urls.json
index 993ee67766..4a8a3b92a7 100644
--- a/leancloud_counter_security_urls.json
+++ b/leancloud_counter_security_urls.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-[{"title":"2019年终总结","url":"/2020/02/01/2019年终总结/"},{"title":"村上春树《1Q84》读后感","url":"/2019/12/18/1Q84读后感/"},{"title":"2020 年终总结","url":"/2021/03/31/2020-年终总结/"},{"title":"2020年中总结","url":"/2020/07/11/2020年中总结/"},{"title":"2021 年中总结","url":"/2021/07/18/2021-年中总结/"},{"title":"2021 年终总结","url":"/2022/01/22/2021-年终总结/"},{"title":"34_Search_for_a_Range","url":"/2016/08/14/34-Search-for-a-Range/"},{"title":"AQS篇二 之 Condition 浅析笔记","url":"/2021/02/21/AQS-之-Condition-浅析笔记/"},{"title":"AQS篇一","url":"/2021/02/14/AQS篇一/"},{"title":"AbstractQueuedSynchronizer","url":"/2019/09/23/AbstractQueuedSynchronizer/"},{"title":"add-two-number","url":"/2015/04/14/Add-Two-Number/"},{"title":"Apollo 的 value 注解是怎么自动更新的","url":"/2020/11/01/Apollo-的-value-注解是怎么自动更新的/"},{"title":"Clone Graph Part I","url":"/2014/12/30/Clone-Graph-Part-I/"},{"title":"Comparator使用小记","url":"/2020/04/05/Comparator使用小记/"},{"title":"Disruptor 系列一","url":"/2022/02/13/Disruptor-系列一/"},{"title":"Disruptor 系列二","url":"/2022/02/27/Disruptor-系列二/"},{"title":"Dubbo 使用的几个记忆点","url":"/2022/04/02/Dubbo-使用的几个记忆点/"},{"title":"Filter, Interceptor, Aop, 啥, 啥, 啥? 这些都是啥?","url":"/2020/08/22/Filter-Intercepter-Aop-啥-啥-啥-这些都是啥/"},{"title":"G1收集器概述","url":"/2020/02/09/G1收集器概述/"},{"title":"JVM源码分析之G1垃圾收集器分析一","url":"/2019/12/07/JVM-G1-Part-1/"},{"title":"Leetcode 021 合并两个有序链表 ( Merge Two Sorted Lists ) 题解分析","url":"/2021/10/07/Leetcode-021-合并两个有序链表-Merge-Two-Sorted-Lists-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 028 实现 strStr() ( Implement strStr() ) 题解分析","url":"/2021/10/31/Leetcode-028-实现-strStr-Implement-strStr-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 053 最大子序和 ( Maximum Subarray ) 题解分析","url":"/2021/11/28/Leetcode-053-最大子序和-Maximum-Subarray-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 104 二叉树的最大深度(Maximum Depth of Binary Tree) 题解分析","url":"/2020/10/25/Leetcode-104-二叉树的最大深度-Maximum-Depth-of-Binary-Tree-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 105 从前序与中序遍历序列构造二叉树(Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal) 题解分析","url":"/2020/12/13/Leetcode-105-从前序与中序遍历序列构造二叉树-Construct-Binary-Tree-from-Preorder-and-Inorder-Traversal-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 1115 交替打印 FooBar ( Print FooBar Alternately *Medium* ) 题解分析","url":"/2022/05/01/Leetcode-1115-交替打印-FooBar-Print-FooBar-Alternately-Medium-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 121 买卖股票的最佳时机(Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock) 题解分析","url":"/2021/03/14/Leetcode-121-买卖股票的最佳时机-Best-Time-to-Buy-and-Sell-Stock-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 124 二叉树中的最大路径和(Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum) 题解分析","url":"/2021/01/24/Leetcode-124-二叉树中的最大路径和-Binary-Tree-Maximum-Path-Sum-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 1260 二维网格迁移 ( Shift 2D Grid *Easy* ) 题解分析","url":"/2022/07/22/Leetcode-1260-二维网格迁移-Shift-2D-Grid-Easy-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 155 最小栈(Min Stack) 题解分析","url":"/2020/12/06/Leetcode-155-最小栈-Min-Stack-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 16 最接近的三数之和 ( 3Sum Closest *Medium* ) 题解分析","url":"/2022/08/06/Leetcode-16-最接近的三数之和-3Sum-Closest-Medium-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 160 相交链表(intersection-of-two-linked-lists) 题解分析","url":"/2021/01/10/Leetcode-160-相交链表-intersection-of-two-linked-lists-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 2 Add Two Numbers 题解分析","url":"/2020/10/11/Leetcode-2-Add-Two-Numbers-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 234 回文链表(Palindrome Linked List) 题解分析","url":"/2020/11/15/Leetcode-234-回文联表-Palindrome-Linked-List-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 236 二叉树的最近公共祖先(Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree) 题解分析","url":"/2021/05/23/Leetcode-236-二叉树的最近公共祖先-Lowest-Common-Ancestor-of-a-Binary-Tree-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 278 第一个错误的版本 ( First Bad Version *Easy* ) 题解分析","url":"/2022/08/14/Leetcode-278-第一个错误的版本-First-Bad-Version-Easy-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 3 Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters 题解分析","url":"/2020/09/20/Leetcode-3-Longest-Substring-Without-Repeating-Characters-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 349 两个数组的交集 ( Intersection of Two Arrays *Easy* ) 题解分析","url":"/2022/03/07/Leetcode-349-两个数组的交集-Intersection-of-Two-Arrays-Easy-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 4 寻找两个正序数组的中位数 ( Median of Two Sorted Arrays *Hard* ) 题解分析","url":"/2022/03/27/Leetcode-4-寻找两个正序数组的中位数-Median-of-Two-Sorted-Arrays-Hard-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 42 接雨水 (Trapping Rain Water) 题解分析","url":"/2021/07/04/Leetcode-42-接雨水-Trapping-Rain-Water-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 48 旋转图像(Rotate Image) 题解分析","url":"/2021/05/01/Leetcode-48-旋转图像-Rotate-Image-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 698 划分为k个相等的子集 ( Partition to K Equal Sum Subsets *Medium* ) 题解分析","url":"/2022/06/19/Leetcode-698-划分为k个相等的子集-Partition-to-K-Equal-Sum-Subsets-Medium-题解分析/"},{"title":"Leetcode 83 删除排序链表中的重复元素 ( Remove Duplicates from Sorted List *Easy* ) 题解分析","url":"/2022/03/13/Leetcode-83-删除排序链表中的重复元素-Remove-Duplicates-from-Sorted-List-Easy-题解分析/"},{"title":"leetcode no.3","url":"/2015/04/15/Leetcode-No-3/"},{"title":"Linux 下 grep 命令的一点小技巧","url":"/2020/08/06/Linux-下-grep-命令的一点小技巧/"},{"title":"MFC 模态对话框","url":"/2014/12/24/MFC 模态对话框/"},{"title":"Maven实用小技巧","url":"/2020/02/16/Maven实用小技巧/"},{"title":"Number of 1 Bits","url":"/2015/03/11/Number-Of-1-Bits/"},{"title":"Redis_分布式锁","url":"/2019/12/10/Redis-Part-1/"},{"title":"Path Sum","url":"/2015/01/04/Path-Sum/"},{"title":"Reverse Bits","url":"/2015/03/11/Reverse-Bits/"},{"title":"Reverse Integer","url":"/2015/03/13/Reverse-Integer/"},{"title":"two sum","url":"/2015/01/14/Two-Sum/"},{"title":"ambari-summary","url":"/2017/05/09/ambari-summary/"},{"title":"binary-watch","url":"/2016/09/29/binary-watch/"},{"title":"docker-mysql-cluster","url":"/2016/08/14/docker-mysql-cluster/"},{"title":"docker比一般多一点的初学者介绍","url":"/2020/03/08/docker比一般多一点的初学者介绍/"},{"title":"docker比一般多一点的初学者介绍三","url":"/2020/03/21/docker比一般多一点的初学者介绍三/"},{"title":"docker比一般多一点的初学者介绍二","url":"/2020/03/15/docker比一般多一点的初学者介绍二/"},{"title":"dubbo 客户端配置的一个重要知识点","url":"/2022/06/11/dubbo-客户端配置的一个重要知识点/"},{"title":"docker使用中发现的echo命令的一个小技巧及其他","url":"/2020/03/29/echo命令的一个小技巧/"},{"title":"gogs使用webhook部署react单页应用","url":"/2020/02/22/gogs使用webhook部署react单页应用/"},{"title":"invert-binary-tree","url":"/2015/06/22/invert-binary-tree/"},{"title":"minimum-size-subarray-sum-209","url":"/2016/10/11/minimum-size-subarray-sum-209/"},{"title":"C++ 指针使用中的一个小问题","url":"/2014/12/23/my-new-post/"},{"title":"mybatis 的 foreach 使用的注意点","url":"/2022/07/09/mybatis-的-foreach-使用的注意点/"},{"title":"mybatis 的 $ 和 # 是有啥区别","url":"/2020/09/06/mybatis-的-和-是有啥区别/"},{"title":"mybatis 的缓存是怎么回事","url":"/2020/10/03/mybatis-的缓存是怎么回事/"},{"title":"nginx 日志小记","url":"/2022/04/17/nginx-日志小记/"},{"title":"openresty","url":"/2019/06/18/openresty/"},{"title":"pcre-intro-and-a-simple-package","url":"/2015/01/16/pcre-intro-and-a-simple-package/"},{"title":"php-abstract-class-and-interface","url":"/2016/11/10/php-abstract-class-and-interface/"},{"title":"rabbitmq-tips","url":"/2017/04/25/rabbitmq-tips/"},{"title":"redis 的 rdb 和 COW 介绍","url":"/2021/08/15/redis-的-rdb-和-COW-介绍/"},{"title":"redis数据结构介绍-第一部分 SDS，链表，字典","url":"/2019/12/26/redis数据结构介绍/"},{"title":"redis数据结构介绍三-第三部分 整数集合","url":"/2020/01/10/redis数据结构介绍三/"},{"title":"redis数据结构介绍二-第二部分 跳表","url":"/2020/01/04/redis数据结构介绍二/"},{"title":"redis数据结构介绍五-第五部分 对象","url":"/2020/01/20/redis数据结构介绍五/"},{"title":"redis数据结构介绍六 快表","url":"/2020/01/22/redis数据结构介绍六/"},{"title":"redis数据结构介绍四-第四部分 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使用的注意点","url":"/2022/07/09/mybatis-的-foreach-使用的注意点/"},{"title":"pcre-intro-and-a-simple-package","url":"/2015/01/16/pcre-intro-and-a-simple-package/"},{"title":"php-abstract-class-and-interface","url":"/2016/11/10/php-abstract-class-and-interface/"},{"title":"rabbitmq-tips","url":"/2017/04/25/rabbitmq-tips/"},{"title":"redis 的 rdb 和 COW 介绍","url":"/2021/08/15/redis-的-rdb-和-COW-介绍/"},{"title":"redis数据结构介绍三-第三部分 整数集合","url":"/2020/01/10/redis数据结构介绍三/"},{"title":"redis数据结构介绍-第一部分 SDS，链表，字典","url":"/2019/12/26/redis数据结构介绍/"},{"title":"redis数据结构介绍二-第二部分 跳表","url":"/2020/01/04/redis数据结构介绍二/"},{"title":"redis数据结构介绍五-第五部分 对象","url":"/2020/01/20/redis数据结构介绍五/"},{"title":"redis数据结构介绍六 快表","url":"/2020/01/22/redis数据结构介绍六/"},{"title":"redis数据结构介绍四-第四部分 压缩表","url":"/2020/01/19/redis数据结构介绍四/"},{"title":"redis淘汰策略复习","url":"/2021/08/01/redis淘汰策略复习/"},{"title":"redis系列介绍七-过期策略","url":"/2020/04/12/redis系列介绍七/"},{"title":"redis系列介绍八-淘汰策略","url":"/2020/04/18/redis系列介绍八/"},{"title":"redis过期策略复习","url":"/2021/07/25/redis过期策略复习/"},{"title":"rust学习笔记-所有权三之切片","url":"/2021/05/16/rust学习笔记-所有权三之切片/"},{"title":"rust学习笔记-所有权二","url":"/2021/04/18/rust学习笔记-所有权二/"},{"title":"rust学习笔记-所有权一","url":"/2021/04/18/rust学习笔记/"},{"title":"spark-little-tips","url":"/2017/03/28/spark-little-tips/"},{"title":"spring event 介绍","url":"/2022/01/30/spring-event-介绍/"},{"title":"swoole-websocket-test","url":"/2016/07/13/swoole-websocket-test/"},{"title":"wordpress 忘记密码的一种解决方法","url":"/2021/12/05/wordpress-忘记密码的一种解决方法/"},{"title":"summary-ranges-228","url":"/2016/10/12/summary-ranges-228/"},{"title":"《垃圾回收算法手册读书》笔记之整理算法","url":"/2021/03/07/《垃圾回收算法手册读书》笔记之整理算法/"},{"title":"一个 nginx 的简单记忆点","url":"/2022/08/21/一个-nginx-的简单记忆点/"},{"title":"《长安的荔枝》读后感","url":"/2022/07/17/《长安的荔枝》读后感/"},{"title":"介绍一下 RocketMQ","url":"/2020/06/21/介绍一下-RocketMQ/"},{"title":"介绍下最近比较实用的端口转发","url":"/2021/11/14/介绍下最近比较实用的端口转发/"},{"title":"从丁仲礼被美国制裁聊点啥","url":"/2020/12/20/从丁仲礼被美国制裁聊点啥/"},{"title":"从清华美院学姐聊聊我们身边的恶人","url":"/2020/11/29/从清华美院学姐聊聊我们身边的恶人/"},{"title":"关于公共交通再吐个槽","url":"/2021/03/21/关于公共交通再吐个槽/"},{"title":"关于读书打卡与分享","url":"/2021/02/07/关于读书打卡与分享/"},{"title":"分享记录一下一个 git 操作方法","url":"/2022/02/06/分享记录一下一个-git-操作方法/"},{"title":"分享记录一下一个 scp 操作方法","url":"/2022/02/06/分享记录一下一个-scp-操作方法/"},{"title":"周末我在老丈人家打了天小工","url":"/2020/08/16/周末我在老丈人家打了天小工/"},{"title":"在老丈人家的小工记三","url":"/2020/09/13/在老丈人家的小工记三/"},{"title":"上次的其他 外行聊国足","url":"/2022/03/06/上次的其他-外行聊国足/"},{"title":"在老丈人家的小工记五","url":"/2020/10/18/在老丈人家的小工记五/"},{"title":"在老丈人家的小工记四","url":"/2020/09/26/在老丈人家的小工记四/"},{"title":"寄生虫观后感","url":"/2020/03/01/寄生虫观后感/"},{"title":"屯菜惊魂记","url":"/2022/04/24/屯菜惊魂记/"},{"title":"我是如何走上跑步这条不归路的","url":"/2020/07/26/我是如何走上跑步这条不归路的/"},{"title":"Dubbo 使用的几个记忆点","url":"/2022/04/02/Dubbo-使用的几个记忆点/"},{"title":"看完了扫黑风暴,聊聊感想","url":"/2021/10/24/看完了扫黑风暴-聊聊感想/"},{"title":"Leetcode 155 最小栈(Min Stack) 题解分析","url":"/2020/12/06/Leetcode-155-最小栈-Min-Stack-题解分析/"},{"title":"聊一下 RocketMQ 的 DefaultMQPushConsumer 源码","url":"/2020/06/26/聊一下-RocketMQ-的-Consumer/"},{"title":"搬运两个 StackOverflow 上的 Mysql 编码相关的问题解答","url":"/2022/01/16/搬运两个-StackOverflow-上的-Mysql-编码相关的问题解答/"},{"title":"聊一下 RocketMQ 的 NameServer 源码","url":"/2020/07/05/聊一下-RocketMQ-的-NameServer-源码/"},{"title":"是何原因竟让两人深夜奔袭十公里","url":"/2022/06/05/是何原因竟让两人深夜奔袭十公里/"},{"title":"聊一下 RocketMQ 的消息存储三","url":"/2021/10/03/聊一下-RocketMQ-的消息存储三/"},{"title":"聊一下 RocketMQ 的消息存储二","url":"/2021/09/12/聊一下-RocketMQ-的消息存储二/"},{"title":"聊一下 RocketMQ 的消息存储四","url":"/2021/10/17/聊一下-RocketMQ-的消息存储四/"},{"title":"聊一下 RocketMQ 的顺序消息","url":"/2021/08/29/聊一下-RocketMQ-的顺序消息/"},{"title":"聊一下 SpringBoot 中使用的 cglib 作为动态代理中的一个注意点","url":"/2021/09/19/聊一下-SpringBoot-中使用的-cglib-作为动态代理中的一个注意点/"},{"title":"聊一下 SpringBoot 设置非 web 应用的方法","url":"/2022/07/31/聊一下-SpringBoot-设置非-web-应用的方法/"},{"title":"给小电驴上牌","url":"/2022/03/20/给小电驴上牌/"},{"title":"聊在东京奥运会闭幕式这天-二","url":"/2021/08/19/聊在东京奥运会闭幕式这天-二/"},{"title":"聊在东京奥运会闭幕式这天","url":"/2021/08/08/聊在东京奥运会闭幕式这天/"},{"title":"聊聊 Dubbo 的 SPI 续之自适应拓展","url":"/2020/06/06/聊聊-Dubbo-的-SPI-续之自适应拓展/"},{"title":"聊聊 Dubbo 的 SPI","url":"/2020/05/31/聊聊-Dubbo-的-SPI/"},{"title":"聊聊 Dubbo 的容错机制","url":"/2020/11/22/聊聊-Dubbo-的容错机制/"},{"title":"聊聊 Java 中绕不开的 Synchronized 关键字-二","url":"/2021/06/27/聊聊-Java-中绕不开的-Synchronized-关键字-二/"},{"title":"聊聊 Java 中绕不开的 Synchronized 关键字","url":"/2021/06/20/聊聊-Java-中绕不开的-Synchronized-关键字/"},{"title":"聊聊 Java 的 equals 和 hashCode 方法","url":"/2021/01/03/聊聊-Java-的-equals-和-hashCode-方法/"},{"title":"聊聊 Java 的类加载机制一","url":"/2020/11/08/聊聊-Java-的类加载机制/"},{"title":"聊聊 Java 的类加载机制二","url":"/2021/06/13/聊聊-Java-的类加载机制二/"},{"title":"聊聊 Java 自带的那些*逆天*工具","url":"/2020/08/02/聊聊-Java-自带的那些逆天工具/"},{"title":"聊聊 Linux 下的 top 命令","url":"/2021/03/28/聊聊-Linux-下的-top-命令/"},{"title":"聊聊 RocketMQ 的 Broker 源码","url":"/2020/07/19/聊聊-RocketMQ-的-Broker-源码/"},{"title":"聊聊 Sharding-Jdbc 的简单使用","url":"/2021/12/12/聊聊-Sharding-Jdbc-的简单使用/"},{"title":"聊一下 RocketMQ 的消息存储之 MMAP","url":"/2021/09/04/聊一下-RocketMQ-的消息存储/"},{"title":"聊聊 dubbo 的线程池","url":"/2021/04/04/聊聊-dubbo-的线程池/"},{"title":"聊聊 mysql 的 MVCC 续篇","url":"/2020/05/02/聊聊-mysql-的-MVCC-续篇/"},{"title":"聊聊 mysql 的 MVCC 续续篇之锁分析","url":"/2020/05/10/聊聊-mysql-的-MVCC-续续篇之加锁分析/"},{"title":"聊聊 mysql 的 MVCC","url":"/2020/04/26/聊聊-mysql-的-MVCC/"},{"title":"聊聊 mysql 索引的一些细节","url":"/2020/12/27/聊聊-mysql-索引的一些细节/"},{"title":"聊聊 redis 缓存的应用问题","url":"/2021/01/31/聊聊-redis-缓存的应用问题/"},{"title":"聊聊Java中的单例模式","url":"/2019/12/21/聊聊Java中的单例模式/"},{"title":"聊聊 SpringBoot 自动装配","url":"/2021/07/11/聊聊SpringBoot-自动装配/"},{"title":"聊聊一次 brew update 引发的血案","url":"/2020/06/13/聊聊一次-brew-update-引发的血案/"},{"title":"聊聊传说中的 ThreadLocal","url":"/2021/05/30/聊聊传说中的-ThreadLocal/"},{"title":"聊聊厦门旅游的好与不好","url":"/2021/04/11/聊聊厦门旅游的好与不好/"},{"title":"聊聊如何识别和意识到日常生活中的各类危险","url":"/2021/06/06/聊聊如何识别和意识到日常生活中的各类危险/"},{"title":"聊聊我刚学会的应用诊断方法","url":"/2020/05/22/聊聊我刚学会的应用诊断方法/"},{"title":"聊聊我理解的分布式事务","url":"/2020/05/17/聊聊我理解的分布式事务/"},{"title":"聊聊 Sharding-Jdbc 分库分表下的分页方案","url":"/2022/01/09/聊聊-Sharding-Jdbc-分库分表下的分页方案/"},{"title":"聊聊我的远程工作体验","url":"/2022/06/26/聊聊我的远程工作体验/"},{"title":"聊聊最近平淡的生活之又聊通勤","url":"/2021/11/07/聊聊最近平淡的生活/"},{"title":"聊聊最近平淡的生活之看《神探狄仁杰》","url":"/2021/12/19/聊聊最近平淡的生活之看《神探狄仁杰》/"},{"title":"聊聊最近平淡的生活之看看老剧","url":"/2021/11/21/聊聊最近平淡的生活之看看老剧/"},{"title":"聊聊给亲戚朋友的老电脑重装系统那些事儿","url":"/2021/05/09/聊聊给亲戚朋友的老电脑重装系统那些事儿/"},{"title":"聊一下 SpringBoot 中动态切换数据源的方法","url":"/2021/09/26/聊一下-SpringBoot-中动态切换数据源的方法/"},{"title":"聊聊那些加塞狗","url":"/2021/01/17/聊聊那些加塞狗/"},{"title":"聊聊部分公交车的设计bug","url":"/2021/12/05/聊聊部分公交车的设计bug/"},{"title":"记录下 Java Stream 的一些高效操作","url":"/2022/05/15/记录下-Java-Lambda-的一些高效操作/"},{"title":"记录下 zookeeper 集群迁移和易错点","url":"/2022/05/29/记录下-zookeeper-集群迁移/"},{"title":"这周末我又在老丈人家打了天小工","url":"/2020/08/30/这周末我又在老丈人家打了天小工/"},{"title":"重看了下《蛮荒记》说说感受","url":"/2021/10/10/重看了下《蛮荒记》说说感受/"},{"title":"闲聊下乘公交的用户体验","url":"/2021/02/28/闲聊下乘公交的用户体验/"},{"title":"闲话篇-也算碰到了为老不尊和坏人变老了的典型案例","url":"/2022/05/22/闲话篇-也算碰到了为老不尊和坏人变老了的典型案例/"},{"title":"聊聊这次换车牌及其他","url":"/2022/02/20/聊聊这次换车牌及其他/"},{"title":"闲话篇-路遇神逻辑骑车带娃爹","url":"/2022/05/08/闲话篇-路遇神逻辑骑车带娃爹/"},{"title":"聊聊 Sharding-Jdbc 的简单原理初篇","url":"/2021/12/26/聊聊-Sharding-Jdbc-的简单原理初篇/"},{"title":"聊聊最近平淡的生活之《花束般的恋爱》观后感","url":"/2021/12/31/聊聊最近平淡的生活之《花束般的恋爱》观后感/"},{"title":"难得的大扫除","url":"/2022/04/10/难得的大扫除/"}]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/search.xml b/search.xml
index f3784b722d..7cb23d068c 100644
--- a/search.xml
+++ b/search.xml
@@ -29,26 +29,6 @@
2019
-
- 村上春树《1Q84》读后感
- /2019/12/18/1Q84%E8%AF%BB%E5%90%8E%E6%84%9F/
- 看完了村上春树的《1Q84》，这应该是第五本看的他的书了，继 跑步，挪威的森林，刺杀骑士团长，海边的卡夫卡之后，不是其中最长的，好像是海边的卡夫卡还是刺杀骑士团长比较长一点，都是在微信读书上看的，比较方便，最开始在上面看的是高晓松的《鱼羊野史》，不知道为啥取这个名字，但是还是满吸引我的，不过由于去年的种种，没有很多心思把它看完，而且本身的组织形式就是比较松散的，看到哪算哪，其实一些野史部分是我比较喜欢，有些谈到人物的就不太有兴趣，而且类似于大祥哥吃的东西，反正都是哇，怎么这么好吃，嗯，太爱（niu）你（bi）了，高晓松就是这个人是我最喜欢的 xxx 家，我也没去细究过他有没有说重复过，反正是不太爱，后来因为这书还一度对战争史有了浓厚的兴趣，然而事实告诉我，大部头的战争史，其实正史我是真的啃不下去，我可能只对其中 10%的内容感兴趣，不过终于也在今年把它看完了，好像高晓松的晓说也最终季了，貌似其中讲朝鲜战争的还被和谐了，看样子是说出了一些故事（truth）。
-
/**
- * Acquires in exclusive mode, ignoring interrupts. Implemented
- * by invoking at least once {@link #tryAcquire},
- * returning on success. Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly
- * repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking {@link
- * #tryAcquire} until success. This method can be used
- * to implement method {@link Lock#lock}.
- *
- * @param arg the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
- * {@link #tryAcquire} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
- * can represent anything you like.
- */
- publicfinalvoidacquire(int arg){
- // 前面第一种情况是tryAcquire直接成功了，这个if判断第一个条件就是false，就不往下执行了
- // 如果是第二个线程，第一个条件获取锁不成功，条件判断!tryAcquire(arg) == true，就会走
- // acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg)
- if(!tryAcquire(arg)&&
- acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
- selfInterrupt();
- }
/**
- * Attempts to release this lock.
- *
- * <p>If the current thread is the holder of this lock then the hold
- * count is decremented. If the hold count is now zero then the lock
- * is released. If the current thread is not the holder of this
- * lock then {@link IllegalMonitorStateException} is thrown.
- *
- * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if the current thread does not
- * hold this lock
- */
- publicvoidunlock(){
- // 释放锁
- sync.release(1);
- }
-/**
- * Releases in exclusive mode. Implemented by unblocking one or
- * more threads if {@link #tryRelease} returns true.
- * This method can be used to implement method {@link Lock#unlock}.
- *
- * @param arg the release argument. This value is conveyed to
- * {@link #tryRelease} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
- * can represent anything you like.
- * @return the value returned from {@link #tryRelease}
- */
- publicfinalbooleanrelease(int arg){
- // 尝试去释放
- if(tryRelease(arg)){
- Node h = head;
- if(h !=null&& h.waitStatus !=0)
- unparkSuccessor(h);
- returntrue;
- }
- returnfalse;
- }
-protectedfinalbooleantryRelease(int releases){
- int c =getState()- releases;
- if(Thread.currentThread()!=getExclusiveOwnerThread())
- thrownewIllegalMonitorStateException();
- boolean free =false;
- // 判断是否完全释放锁，因为可重入
- if(c ==0){
- free =true;
- setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
- }
- setState(c);
- return free;
- }
-// 这段代码和上面的一致，只是为了顺序性，又拷下来看下
-
-publicfinalbooleanrelease(int arg){
- // 尝试去释放，如果是完全释放，返回的就是true，否则是false
- if(tryRelease(arg)){
- Node h = head;
- // 这里判断头结点是否为空以及waitStatus的状态，前面说了head节点其实是
- // 在第二个线程进来的时候初始化的，如果是空的话说明没后续节点，并且waitStatus
- // 也表示了后续的等待状态
- if(h !=null&& h.waitStatus !=0)
- unparkSuccessor(h);
- returntrue;
- }
- returnfalse;
- }
-
-/**
- * Wakes up node's successor, if one exists.
- *
- * @param node the node
- */
-// 唤醒后继节点
- privatevoidunparkSuccessor(Node node){
- /*
- * If status is negative (i.e., possibly needing signal) try
- * to clear in anticipation of signalling. It is OK if this
- * fails or if status is changed by waiting thread.
- */
- int ws = node.waitStatus;
- if(ws <0)
- compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws,0);
-
- /*
- * Thread to unpark is held in successor, which is normally
- * just the next node. But if cancelled or apparently null,
- * traverse backwards from tail to find the actual
- * non-cancelled successor.
- */
- Node s = node.next;
- // 如果后继节点是空或者当前节点取消等待了
- if(s ==null|| s.waitStatus >0){
- s =null;
- // 从后往前找，找到非取消的节点，注意这里不是找到就退出，而是一直找到头
- // 所以不必担心中间有取消的
- for(Node t = tail; t !=null&& t != node; t = t.prev)
- if(t.waitStatus <=0)
- s = t;
- }
- if(s !=null)
- // 将其唤醒
- LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);
- }
/**
+ * Acquires in exclusive mode, ignoring interrupts. Implemented
+ * by invoking at least once {@link #tryAcquire},
+ * returning on success. Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly
+ * repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking {@link
+ * #tryAcquire} until success. This method can be used
+ * to implement method {@link Lock#lock}.
+ *
+ * @param arg the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
+ * {@link #tryAcquire} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
+ * can represent anything you like.
+ */
+ publicfinalvoidacquire(int arg){
+ // 前面第一种情况是tryAcquire直接成功了，这个if判断第一个条件就是false，就不往下执行了
+ // 如果是第二个线程，第一个条件获取锁不成功，条件判断!tryAcquire(arg) == true，就会走
+ // acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg)
+ if(!tryAcquire(arg)&&
+ acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
+ selfInterrupt();
+ }
/**
+ * Attempts to release this lock.
+ *
+ * <p>If the current thread is the holder of this lock then the hold
+ * count is decremented. If the hold count is now zero then the lock
+ * is released. If the current thread is not the holder of this
+ * lock then {@link IllegalMonitorStateException} is thrown.
+ *
+ * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if the current thread does not
+ * hold this lock
+ */
+ publicvoidunlock(){
+ // 释放锁
+ sync.release(1);}
-}
-
事件生产
-
publicclassLongEventFactoryimplementsEventFactory<LongEvent>
-{
- publicLongEventnewInstance()
- {
- returnnewLongEvent();
+/**
+ * Releases in exclusive mode. Implemented by unblocking one or
+ * more threads if {@link #tryRelease} returns true.
+ * This method can be used to implement method {@link Lock#unlock}.
+ *
+ * @param arg the release argument. This value is conveyed to
+ * {@link #tryRelease} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
+ * can represent anything you like.
+ * @return the value returned from {@link #tryRelease}
+ */
+ publicfinalbooleanrelease(int arg){
+ // 尝试去释放
+ if(tryRelease(arg)){
+ Node h = head;
+ if(h !=null&& h.waitStatus !=0)
+ unparkSuccessor(h);
+ returntrue;
+ }
+ returnfalse;}
-}
packagedisruptor;
-importcom.lmax.disruptor.RingBuffer;
-importcom.lmax.disruptor.dsl.Disruptor;
-importcom.lmax.disruptor.util.DaemonThreadFactory;
-
-importjava.nio.ByteBuffer;
+/**
+ * Wakes up node's successor, if one exists.
+ *
+ * @param node the node
+ */
+// 唤醒后继节点
+ privatevoidunparkSuccessor(Node node){
+ /*
+ * If status is negative (i.e., possibly needing signal) try
+ * to clear in anticipation of signalling. It is OK if this
+ * fails or if status is changed by waiting thread.
+ */
+ int ws = node.waitStatus;
+ if(ws <0)
+ compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws,0);
-publicclassLongEventMain
-{
- publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args)throwsException
- {
- // 这个需要是 2 的幂次，这样在定位的时候只需要位移操作，也能减少各种计算操作
- int bufferSize =1024;
+ /*
+ * Thread to unpark is held in successor, which is normally
+ * just the next node. But if cancelled or apparently null,
+ * traverse backwards from tail to find the actual
+ * non-cancelled successor.
+ */
+ Node s = node.next;
+ // 如果后继节点是空或者当前节点取消等待了
+ if(s ==null|| s.waitStatus >0){
+ s =null;
+ // 从后往前找，找到非取消的节点，注意这里不是找到就退出，而是一直找到头
+ // 所以不必担心中间有取消的
+ for(Node t = tail; t !=null&& t != node; t = t.prev)
+ if(t.waitStatus <=0)
+ s = t;
+ }
+ if(s !=null)
+ // 将其唤醒
+ LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);
+ }
Flexible array members1 were introduced in the C99 standard of the C programming language (in particular, in section §6.7.2.1, item 16, page 103).2 It is a member of a struct, which is an array without a given dimension. It must be the last member of such a struct and it must be accompanied by at least one other member, as in the following example:
+
+
struct vectord {
+ size_t len;
+ double arr[]; // the flexible array member must be last
+};
Flexible array members1 were introduced in the C99 standard of the C programming language (in particular, in section §6.7.2.1, item 16, page 103).2 It is a member of a struct, which is an array without a given dimension. It must be the last member of such a struct and it must be accompanied by at least one other member, as in the following example:
-
-
struct vectord {
- size_t len;
- double arr[]; // the flexible array member must be last
-};
+/* This is our hash table structure. Every dictionary has two of this as we
+ * implement incremental rehashing, for the old to the new table. */
+typedef struct dictht {
+ dictEntry **table;
+ unsigned long size;
+ unsigned long sizemask;
+ unsigned long used;
+} dictht;
+
+typedef struct dict {
+ dictType *type;
+ void *privdata;
+ dictht ht[2];
+ int rehashidx; /* rehashing not in progress if rehashidx == -1 */
+ int iterators; /* number of iterators currently running */
+} dict;
+
A more generic solution for running several HTTPS servers on a single IP address is TLS Server Name Indication extension (SNI, RFC 6066), which allows a browser to pass a requested server name during the SSL handshake and, therefore, the server will know which certificate it should use for the connection. SNI is currently supported by most modern browsers, though may not be used by some old or special clients. 来源 机翻一下：在单个 IP 地址上运行多个 HTTPS 服务器的更通用的解决方案是 TLS 服务器名称指示扩展（SNI，RFC 6066），它允许浏览器在 SSL 握手期间传递请求的服务器名称，因此，服务器将知道哪个 它应该用于连接的证书。 目前大多数现代浏览器都支持 SNI，但某些旧的或特殊的客户端可能不使用 SNI。
For those people still arriving at this question in 2020 or later, there are newer options that may be better than both of these. For example, utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci.
-
All these collations are for the UTF-8 character encoding. The differences are in how text is sorted and compared.
-
_unicode_ci and _general_ci are two different sets of rules for sorting and comparing text according to the way we expect. Newer versions of MySQL introduce new sets of rules, too, such as _0900_ai_ci for equivalent rules based on Unicode 9.0 - and with no equivalent _general_ci variant. People reading this now should probably use one of these newer collations instead of either _unicode_ci or _general_ci. The description of those older collations below is provided for interest only.
-
MySQL is currently transitioning away from an older, flawed UTF-8 implementation. For now, you need to use utf8mb4 instead of utf8 for the character encoding part, to ensure you are getting the fixed version. The flawed version remains for backward compatibility, though it is being deprecated.
-
Key differences
-
utf8mb4_unicode_ci is based on the official Unicode rules for universal sorting and comparison, which sorts accurately in a wide range of languages.
-
utf8mb4_general_ci is a simplified set of sorting rules which aims to do as well as it can while taking many short-cuts designed to improve speed. It does not follow the Unicode rules and will result in undesirable sorting or comparison in some situations, such as when using particular languages or characters.
-
On modern servers, this performance boost will be all but negligible. It was devised in a time when servers had a tiny fraction of the CPU performance of today’s computers.
-
Benefits of utf8mb4_unicode_ci over utf8mb4_general_ci
-
utf8mb4_unicode_ci, which uses the Unicode rules for sorting and comparison, employs a fairly complex algorithm for correct sorting in a wide range of languages and when using a wide range of special characters. These rules need to take into account language-specific conventions; not everybody sorts their characters in what we would call ‘alphabetical order’.
-
As far as Latin (ie “European”) languages go, there is not much difference between the Unicode sorting and the simplified utf8mb4_general_cisorting in MySQL, but there are still a few differences:
-
For examples, the Unicode collation sorts “ß” like “ss”, and “Œ” like “OE” as people using those characters would normally want, whereas utf8mb4_general_cisorts them as single characters (presumably like “s” and “e” respectively).
-
Some Unicode characters are defined as ignorable, which means they shouldn’t count toward the sort order and the comparison should move on to the next character instead. utf8mb4_unicode_cihandles these properly.
-
In non-latin languages, such as Asian languages or languages with different alphabets, there may be a lot more differences between Unicode sorting and the simplified utf8mb4_general_cisorting. The suitability of utf8mb4_general_ciwill depend heavily on the language used. For some languages, it’ll be quite inadequate.
-
What should you use?
-
There is almost certainly no reason to use utf8mb4_general_cianymore, as we have left behind the point where CPU speed is low enough that the performance difference would be important. Your database will almost certainly be limited by other bottlenecks than this.
-
In the past, some people recommended to use utf8mb4_general_ciexcept when accurate sorting was going to be important enough to justify the performance cost. Today, that performance cost has all but disappeared, and developers are treating internationalization more seriously.
-
There’s an argument to be made that if speed is more important to you than accuracy, you may as well not do any sorting at all. It’s trivial to make an algorithm faster if you do not need it to be accurate. So, utf8mb4_general_ciis a compromise that’s probably not needed for speed reasons and probably also not suitable for accuracy reasons.
-
One other thing I’ll add is that even if you know your application only supports the English language, it may still need to deal with people’s names, which can often contain characters used in other languages in which it is just as important to sort correctly. Using the Unicode rules for everything helps add peace of mind that the very smart Unicode people have worked very hard to make sorting work properly.
-
What the parts mean
-
Firstly, ci is for case-insensitive sorting and comparison. This means it’s suitable for textual data, and case is not important. The other types of collation are cs (case-sensitive) for textual data where case is important, and bin, for where the encoding needs to match, bit for bit, which is suitable for fields which are really encoded binary data (including, for example, Base64). Case-sensitive sorting leads to some weird results and case-sensitive comparison can result in duplicate values differing only in letter case, so case-sensitive collations are falling out of favor for textual data - if case is significant to you, then otherwise ignorable punctuation and so on is probably also significant, and a binary collation might be more appropriate.
-
Next, unicode or general refers to the specific sorting and comparison rules - in particular, the way text is normalized or compared. There are many different sets of rules for the utf8mb4 character encoding, with unicode and general being two that attempt to work well in all possible languages rather than one specific one. The differences between these two sets of rules are the subject of this answer. Note that unicode uses rules from Unicode 4.0. Recent versions of MySQL add the rulesets unicode_520 using rules from Unicode 5.2, and 0900 (dropping the “unicode_” part) using rules from Unicode 9.0.
-
And lastly, utf8mb4 is of course the character encoding used internally. In this answer I’m talking only about Unicode based encodings.
UTF-8is a variable-length encoding. In the case of UTF-8, this means that storing one code point requires one to four bytes. However, MySQL’s encoding called “utf8” (alias of “utf8mb3”) only stores a maximum of three bytes per code point.
This is what (a previous version of the same page at)the MySQL documentationhas to say about it:
-
-
The character set named utf8[/utf8mb3] uses a maximum of three bytes per character and contains only BMP characters. As of MySQL 5.5.3, the utf8mb4 character set uses a maximum of four bytes per character supports supplemental characters:
-
-
For a BMP character, utf8[/utf8mb3] and utf8mb4 have identical storage characteristics: same code values, same encoding, same length.
-
For a supplementary character, utf8[/utf8mb3] cannot store the character at all, while utf8mb4 requires four bytes to store it. Since utf8[/utf8mb3] cannot store the character at all, you do not have any supplementary characters in utf8[/utf8mb3] columns and you need not worry about converting characters or losing data when upgrading utf8[/utf8mb3] data from older versions of MySQL.
For those people still arriving at this question in 2020 or later, there are newer options that may be better than both of these. For example, utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci.
+
All these collations are for the UTF-8 character encoding. The differences are in how text is sorted and compared.
+
_unicode_ci and _general_ci are two different sets of rules for sorting and comparing text according to the way we expect. Newer versions of MySQL introduce new sets of rules, too, such as _0900_ai_ci for equivalent rules based on Unicode 9.0 - and with no equivalent _general_ci variant. People reading this now should probably use one of these newer collations instead of either _unicode_ci or _general_ci. The description of those older collations below is provided for interest only.
+
MySQL is currently transitioning away from an older, flawed UTF-8 implementation. For now, you need to use utf8mb4 instead of utf8 for the character encoding part, to ensure you are getting the fixed version. The flawed version remains for backward compatibility, though it is being deprecated.
+
Key differences
+
utf8mb4_unicode_ci is based on the official Unicode rules for universal sorting and comparison, which sorts accurately in a wide range of languages.
+
utf8mb4_general_ci is a simplified set of sorting rules which aims to do as well as it can while taking many short-cuts designed to improve speed. It does not follow the Unicode rules and will result in undesirable sorting or comparison in some situations, such as when using particular languages or characters.
+
On modern servers, this performance boost will be all but negligible. It was devised in a time when servers had a tiny fraction of the CPU performance of today’s computers.
+
Benefits of utf8mb4_unicode_ci over utf8mb4_general_ci
+
utf8mb4_unicode_ci, which uses the Unicode rules for sorting and comparison, employs a fairly complex algorithm for correct sorting in a wide range of languages and when using a wide range of special characters. These rules need to take into account language-specific conventions; not everybody sorts their characters in what we would call ‘alphabetical order’.
+
As far as Latin (ie “European”) languages go, there is not much difference between the Unicode sorting and the simplified utf8mb4_general_cisorting in MySQL, but there are still a few differences:
+
For examples, the Unicode collation sorts “ß” like “ss”, and “Œ” like “OE” as people using those characters would normally want, whereas utf8mb4_general_cisorts them as single characters (presumably like “s” and “e” respectively).
+
Some Unicode characters are defined as ignorable, which means they shouldn’t count toward the sort order and the comparison should move on to the next character instead. utf8mb4_unicode_cihandles these properly.
+
In non-latin languages, such as Asian languages or languages with different alphabets, there may be a lot more differences between Unicode sorting and the simplified utf8mb4_general_cisorting. The suitability of utf8mb4_general_ciwill depend heavily on the language used. For some languages, it’ll be quite inadequate.
+
What should you use?
+
There is almost certainly no reason to use utf8mb4_general_cianymore, as we have left behind the point where CPU speed is low enough that the performance difference would be important. Your database will almost certainly be limited by other bottlenecks than this.
+
In the past, some people recommended to use utf8mb4_general_ciexcept when accurate sorting was going to be important enough to justify the performance cost. Today, that performance cost has all but disappeared, and developers are treating internationalization more seriously.
+
There’s an argument to be made that if speed is more important to you than accuracy, you may as well not do any sorting at all. It’s trivial to make an algorithm faster if you do not need it to be accurate. So, utf8mb4_general_ciis a compromise that’s probably not needed for speed reasons and probably also not suitable for accuracy reasons.
+
One other thing I’ll add is that even if you know your application only supports the English language, it may still need to deal with people’s names, which can often contain characters used in other languages in which it is just as important to sort correctly. Using the Unicode rules for everything helps add peace of mind that the very smart Unicode people have worked very hard to make sorting work properly.
+
What the parts mean
+
Firstly, ci is for case-insensitive sorting and comparison. This means it’s suitable for textual data, and case is not important. The other types of collation are cs (case-sensitive) for textual data where case is important, and bin, for where the encoding needs to match, bit for bit, which is suitable for fields which are really encoded binary data (including, for example, Base64). Case-sensitive sorting leads to some weird results and case-sensitive comparison can result in duplicate values differing only in letter case, so case-sensitive collations are falling out of favor for textual data - if case is significant to you, then otherwise ignorable punctuation and so on is probably also significant, and a binary collation might be more appropriate.
+
Next, unicode or general refers to the specific sorting and comparison rules - in particular, the way text is normalized or compared. There are many different sets of rules for the utf8mb4 character encoding, with unicode and general being two that attempt to work well in all possible languages rather than one specific one. The differences between these two sets of rules are the subject of this answer. Note that unicode uses rules from Unicode 4.0. Recent versions of MySQL add the rulesets unicode_520 using rules from Unicode 5.2, and 0900 (dropping the “unicode_” part) using rules from Unicode 9.0.
+
And lastly, utf8mb4 is of course the character encoding used internally. In this answer I’m talking only about Unicode based encodings.
UTF-8is a variable-length encoding. In the case of UTF-8, this means that storing one code point requires one to four bytes. However, MySQL’s encoding called “utf8” (alias of “utf8mb3”) only stores a maximum of three bytes per code point.
This is what (a previous version of the same page at)the MySQL documentationhas to say about it:
+
+
The character set named utf8[/utf8mb3] uses a maximum of three bytes per character and contains only BMP characters. As of MySQL 5.5.3, the utf8mb4 character set uses a maximum of four bytes per character supports supplemental characters:
+
+
For a BMP character, utf8[/utf8mb3] and utf8mb4 have identical storage characteristics: same code values, same encoding, same length.
+
For a supplementary character, utf8[/utf8mb3] cannot store the character at all, while utf8mb4 requires four bytes to store it. Since utf8[/utf8mb3] cannot store the character at all, you do not have any supplementary characters in utf8[/utf8mb3] columns and you need not worry about converting characters or losing data when upgrading utf8[/utf8mb3] data from older versions of MySQL.
select * from student_time_0 ORDER BY create_time ASC limit 333, 5;
-select * from student_time_1 ORDER BY create_time ASC limit 333, 5;
-select * from student_time_2 ORDER BY create_time ASC limit 333, 5;
@Override
-publicfinalResultSetexecuteQuery(finalString sql)throwsSQLException{
- thrownewSQLFeatureNotSupportedException("executeQuery with SQL for PreparedStatement");
-}
select * from student_time_0 ORDER BY create_time ASC limit 333, 5;
+select * from student_time_1 ORDER BY create_time ASC limit 333, 5;
+select * from student_time_2 ORDER BY create_time ASC limit 333, 5;
@Override
+publicfinalResultSetexecuteQuery(finalString sql)throwsSQLException{
+ thrownewSQLFeatureNotSupportedException("executeQuery with SQL for PreparedStatement");
+}
squs":"disqus"}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tags/JVM/index.html b/tags/JVM/index.html
index 2c42e09133..12487c0ff8 100644
--- a/tags/JVM/index.html
+++ b/tags/JVM/index.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-标签: jvm | Nicksxs's Blog
rity":true,"url":"https://nicksxs.me/tags/JVM/"}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tags/linked-list/index.html b/tags/linked-list/index.html
index c0f80771b5..6a350e72ab 100644
--- a/tags/linked-list/index.html
+++ b/tags/linked-list/index.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-标签: linked list | Nicksxs's Blog
n-analytics.js">
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tags/mysql/index.html b/tags/mysql/index.html
index 2260ce6dea..cb460e005c 100644
--- a/tags/mysql/index.html
+++ b/tags/mysql/index.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-标签: Mysql | Nicksxs's Blog
.js" integrity="sha256-vXZMYLEqsROAXkEw93GGIvaB2ab+QW6w3+1ahD9nXXA=" crossorigin="anonymous">
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tags/php/index.html b/tags/php/index.html
index 99ed8d511d..1c981edf8a 100644
--- a/tags/php/index.html
+++ b/tags/php/index.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-标签: PHP | Nicksxs's Blog
