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# 聊聊 SpringBoot 自动装配

发表于 2021-07-11 更新于 2021-07-20 分类于 Java ， SpringBoot 阅读次数： 阅读次数： Disqus：

springboot 自动装配调用链

springboot 相比 spring能更方便开发人员上手，比较重要的一点就是自动装配，大致来看下这个逻辑

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(SpbDemoApplication.class, args);
    	}

    	/**
    	 * Static helper that can be used to run a {@link SpringApplication} from the
    	 * specified source using default settings.
    	 * @param primarySource the primary source to load
    	 * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method)
    	 * @return the running {@link ApplicationContext}
    	 */

然后就是上面调用的 run 方法

    public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?> primarySource, String... args) {
    	return run(new Class<?>[] { primarySource }, args);
    }

    /**
     * Static helper that can be used to run a {@link SpringApplication} from the
     * specified sources using default settings and user supplied arguments.
     * @param primarySources the primary sources to load
     * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method)
     * @return the running {@link ApplicationContext}
     */

继续往下看

    public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources, String[] args) {
    	return new SpringApplication(primarySources).run(args);
    }

调用SpringApplication的构造方法

    /**
     * Create a new {@link SpringApplication} instance. The application context will load
     * beans from the specified primary sources (see {@link SpringApplication class-level}
     * documentation for details. The instance can be customized before calling
     * {@link #run(String...)}.
     * @param primarySources the primary bean sources
     * @see #run(Class, String[])
     * @see #SpringApplication(ResourceLoader, Class...)
     * @see #setSources(Set)
     */

    public SpringApplication(Class<?>... primarySources) {
    	this(null, primarySources);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new {@link SpringApplication} instance. The application context will load
     * beans from the specified primary sources (see {@link SpringApplication class-level}
     * documentation for details. The instance can be customized before calling
     * {@link #run(String...)}.
     * @param resourceLoader the resource loader to use
     * @param primarySources the primary bean sources
     * @see #run(Class, String[])
     * @see #setSources(Set)
     */
    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
    public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
    	this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
    	Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
    	this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
    	this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
       // 注意看这里的，通过 SpringFactories 获取
    	this.bootstrapRegistryInitializers = getBootstrapRegistryInitializersFromSpringFactories();
    	setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
    	setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
    	this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
    }

这里就是重点了

    private List<BootstrapRegistryInitializer> getBootstrapRegistryInitializersFromSpringFactories() {
    	ArrayList<BootstrapRegistryInitializer> initializers = new ArrayList<>();
    	getSpringFactoriesInstances(Bootstrapper.class).stream()
    			.map((bootstrapper) -> ((BootstrapRegistryInitializer) bootstrapper::initialize))
    			.forEach(initializers::add);
    	initializers.addAll(getSpringFactoriesInstances(BootstrapRegistryInitializer.class));
    	return initializers;
    }
    private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type) {
    	return getSpringFactoriesInstances(type, new Class<?>[] {});
    }

    private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
    	ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
    	// Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
       // 去加载所有FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION路径下面，也就是 META-INF/spring.factories
    	Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
    	List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes, classLoader, args, names);
    	AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
    	return instances;
    }

    /**
     * Load the fully qualified class names of factory implementations of the
     * given type from {@value #FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION}, using the given
     * class loader.
     * <p>As of Spring Framework 5.3, if a particular implementation class name
     * is discovered more than once for the given factory type, duplicates will
     * be ignored.
     * @param factoryType the interface or abstract class representing the factory
     * @param classLoader the ClassLoader to use for loading resources; can be
     * {@code null} to use the default
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if an error occurs while loading factory names
     * @see #loadFactories
     */
    public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
    	ClassLoader classLoaderToUse = classLoader;
    	if (classLoaderToUse == null) {
    		classLoaderToUse = SpringFactoriesLoader.class.getClassLoader();
    	}
    	String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();
    	return loadSpringFactories(classLoaderToUse).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
    }
       private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(ClassLoader classLoader) {
    	Map<String, List<String>> result = cache.get(classLoader);
    	if (result != null) {
    		return result;
    	}

    	result = new HashMap<>();
    	try {
               // 获取此 resources，作为 AutoConfiguration 的配置
    		Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION);
    		while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
    			URL url = urls.nextElement();
    			UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
    			Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
    			for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
    				String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim();
    				String[] factoryImplementationNames =
    						StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue());
    				for (String factoryImplementationName : factoryImplementationNames) {
    					result.computeIfAbsent(factoryTypeName, key -> new ArrayList<>())
    							.add(factoryImplementationName.trim());
    				}
    			}
    		}

    		// Replace all lists with unmodifiable lists containing unique elements
    		result.replaceAll((factoryType, implementations) -> implementations.stream().distinct()
    				.collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), Collections::unmodifiableList)));
    		cache.put(classLoader, result);
    	}
    	catch (IOException ex) {
    		throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +
    				FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
    	}
    	return result;
    }

我们可以看下 spring-boot-autoconfigure 的 META-INF/spring.factories

    # Initializers
    org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SharedMetadataReaderFactoryContextInitializer,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging.ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener

    # Application Listeners
    org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer

    # Environment Post Processors
    org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor=\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationPropertiesEnvironmentPostProcessor

    # Auto Configuration Import Listeners
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportListener=\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionEvaluationReportAutoConfigurationImportListener

    # Auto Configuration Import Filters
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportFilter=\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnClassCondition,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnWebApplicationCondition

    # 注意这里，其实就是类似于 dubbo spi 的通过 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration作为 key
    # 获取下面所有的 AutoConfiguration 配置类
    # Auto Configure
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.neo4j.Neo4jAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.netty.NettyAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sql.init.SqlInitializationAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration

    # Failure analyzers
    org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzer=\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisUrlSyntaxFailureAnalyzer,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.diagnostics.analyzer.NoSuchBeanDefinitionFailureAnalyzer,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayMigrationScriptMissingFailureAnalyzer,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceBeanCreationFailureAnalyzer,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.HikariDriverConfigurationFailureAnalyzer,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.ConnectionFactoryBeanCreationFailureAnalyzer,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.NonUniqueSessionRepositoryFailureAnalyzer

    # Template availability providers
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.template.TemplateAvailabilityProvider=\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.JspTemplateAvailabilityProvider

    # DataSource initializer detectors
    org.springframework.boot.sql.init.dependency.DatabaseInitializerDetector=\
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayMigrationInitializerDatabaseInitializerDetector

上面根据 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration 获取的各个配置类，在通过反射加载就能得到一堆 JavaConfig配置类，然后再根据 ConditionalOnProperty等条件配置加载具体的 bean，大致就是这么个逻辑